Truong, T.P.; Pottier, B.; Huynh, H.X. Cellular Simulation for Distributed Sensing over Complex Terrains. Sensors2018, 18, 2323.
Truong, T.P.; Pottier, B.; Huynh, H.X. Cellular Simulation for Distributed Sensing over Complex Terrains. Sensors 2018, 18, 2323.
Abstract
Long-range radio transmissions open new sensor application fields, in particular for environment monitoring. As an example, the {\sl LoRa} radio protocol enables to connect remote sensors at distance as long as ten kilometers in line-of-sight. However, the large area covered also bring several difficulties, such as the placement of sensing devices in regard to geography topology, or the variability of communication latency. Sensing the environment also carries constraints related to the interest of sensing points in relation with a physical phenomenon. Criteria for designs are thus evolving a lot from the existing methods, especially in complex terrains. This article describes simulation techniques based on geography analysis to compute long-range radio coverages and radio characteristics in these situations. As radio propagation is just a particular case of physical phenomena, it is shown how a unified approach also allows to characterize the behavior of potential physical risks. The case of heavy rainfall and flooding is investigated. Geography analysis is achieved using segmentation tools to produce cellular systems which are in turn translated into code for high-performance computations. The paper provides results from practical complex terrain experiments using LoRa, that confirm the accuracy of the simulation, scheduling characteristics for sample networks, and performance tables for simulations on middle range Graphics Processing Units (GPUs).
Keywords
Cellular automata; Complex terrain; LoRa; Parallel processing; Radio signal propagation
Subject
MATHEMATICS & COMPUTER SCIENCE, General & Theoretical Computer Science
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
