Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Characteristics of Refractive Errors in a Population of Adults in the Central Region of Poland

Version 1 : Received: 18 November 2017 / Approved: 21 November 2017 / Online: 21 November 2017 (03:28:01 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Nowak, M.S.; Jurowski, P.; Grzybowski, A.; Smigielski, J. Characteristics of Refractive Errors in a Population of Adults in the Central Region of Poland. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 90. Nowak, M.S.; Jurowski, P.; Grzybowski, A.; Smigielski, J. Characteristics of Refractive Errors in a Population of Adults in the Central Region of Poland. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 90.

Abstract

Background: To investigate the distribution of refractive errors and their characteristics in older adults. Methods: The study design was cross-sectional study. A total of 1107 men and women were interviewed and underwent detailed ophthalmic examinations, 998 subjects underwent refraction. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent (SER) refraction ≤ −0.5 dioptres (D) and hyperopia was defined as SER ≥ +0.5 dioptres (D). Results: Among those who were refracted the distribution of myopia and hyperopia was 24.1% (95% CI 21.4–26.7) and 37.5% (95% CI 34.5–40.5), respectively. Myopia decreased from 28.7% in subjects aged 35-59 years to 19.3% in those aged 60 years or older and hyperopia increased from 21.8% at 35–59 years of age to 53.3% in subjects aged ≥60 years. Multiple regression analysis showed decreasing age (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96–1.00), female gender (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.18–2.95) and presence of cataract (OR 2.40 , 95% CI 1.24–4.63) were independent risk factors associated with myopia. Conclusions: The distribution of refractive errors found in our study is similar to those reported in other Caucasian populations and differs from Asian populations. Myopia was positively associated with younger age, female gender and presence of cataract.

Keywords

myopia, hyperopia, anisometropia

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Ophthalmology

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