Submitted:
12 November 2026
Posted:
13 November 2026
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Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction. Molecular hydrogen has been investigated as an adjunctive intervention, but clinical evidence for hydrogen–oxygen nanobubble (HHO) therapy in non-dialysis CKD remains limited. Methods: We describe a male patient with CKD G3b, hypertension, prediabetes, and previous long-term nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug exposure who presented on March 7, 2026. The records describe 12 HHO sessions (three weekly; reported volumes increasing from 5 to 25 mL) alongside standard care. Results: Historical estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 33.6 mL/min/1.73 m² in March 2025, compared with 39 mL/min/1.73 m² on March 28, 2026; both values are within G3b. Peripheral perfusion index changed from 2.1 to 5.4, and blood pressure from 138/76 to 113/72 mmHg. The patient also reported resolution of recurrent morning rhinorrhea. The treatment dates relative to kidney-function testing were incompletely documented, and concomitant medication and measurement variability limit causal inference. Peripheral perfusion index does not directly measure renal perfusion. Conclusions: This case provides descriptive observations but cannot establish renal efficacy or safety of adjunctive HHO therapy. Prospective studies with standardized interventions, longitudinal renal measurements, and safety monitoring are needed.
Keywords:
chronic kidney disease
; CKD G3b
; hydrogen–oxygen nanobubble
; molecular hydrogen
; perfusion index
; case report
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