Deterministic Modelling of Eye Diseases Induced by Environmental and Climate Conditions

Eye diseases such as trachoma, allergic conjunctivitis, and dry eye syndrome have shown increasing prevalence in regions experiencing adverse environmental and climatic changes. Factors such as air pollution, dust exposure, humidity variations, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation directly impact ocular health, especially among vulnerable populations. In this study, we develop a deterministic compartmental model to explore the dynamics of environmentally-driven eye disease transmission and progression. The model integrates climate-sensitive variables, such as dust concentration and humidity, into the transmission and recovery rates of the disease. We analyse the model's equilibria, investigate the basic reproduction number R₀, and assess the influence of environmental mitigation Strategies on disease control. Numerical Simulations are provided to illustrate how seasonal and anthropogenic changes in environmental conditions affect disease prevalence over time.