Zhang, M.; Liu, Y.; Chen, Z.; Zhi, Z.; Wang, A.; Yue, H.; Li, F.; Zhang, S.; Zhu, G. Progress in Fruit Cracking Control of Gibberellic Acid and Abscisic Acid. Forests2024, 15, 547.
Zhang, M.; Liu, Y.; Chen, Z.; Zhi, Z.; Wang, A.; Yue, H.; Li, F.; Zhang, S.; Zhu, G. Progress in Fruit Cracking Control of Gibberellic Acid and Abscisic Acid. Forests 2024, 15, 547.
Zhang, M.; Liu, Y.; Chen, Z.; Zhi, Z.; Wang, A.; Yue, H.; Li, F.; Zhang, S.; Zhu, G. Progress in Fruit Cracking Control of Gibberellic Acid and Abscisic Acid. Forests2024, 15, 547.
Zhang, M.; Liu, Y.; Chen, Z.; Zhi, Z.; Wang, A.; Yue, H.; Li, F.; Zhang, S.; Zhu, G. Progress in Fruit Cracking Control of Gibberellic Acid and Abscisic Acid. Forests 2024, 15, 547.
Abstract
Fruit cracking or splitting, a severe physiological disease that highly affects appearance and quality, compromise the commodity value of fruit and also causes huge economical losses to the producers of several fleshy fruit crops. The growth-promoting phytohormone gibberellic acid (GA) and growth-inhibiting phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) antagonistically regulate numerous developmental processes throughout the plant life cycle. Homeostasis of endogenous GA and ABA play a significant role in the normal growth of fruits, and its imbalance may lead to the occurrence of cracking or splitting during the process of fruit growth, development, ripening and postharvest storage. The pathways of GA and ABA metabolism and signaling have been studied widely, and the major components were well characterized, which including the genes encoding major biosynthesis and catabolism enzymes and the key signaling components. Nevertheless, our knowledge of the mechanisms of GA and ABA governing fruit cracking is not comprehensive enough. In this review, we not only focus on the scenarios of effects of endogenous GA and ABA contents in the fruit and exogenous plant growth regulators GA and ABA treatments, but also endeavor to provide some genetic cues on the function of GA and ABA responsible for fruit cracking modulation. Information from this review aims to strengthen the understanding of potential molecular bases underlying GA and ABA in fruit cracking control and provide guidance in breeding of fruit cultivars with cracking-resistant ideotypes, and also make great theoretical significance in guiding the establishment of integrated prevention and control measures to fruit cracking or splitting.
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