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A peer-reviewed article of this preprint also exists.
This version is not peer-reviewed
Study | Year | Country | Study design | Study population | Control population | Baseline | Follow up | ADT implementation: prior/post baseline |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SARCOPENIA ASSESSED AT BASELINE AND FOLLOW-UP | ||||||||
Chiang et al [24] | 2021 | Italy | Retrospective observational study, single-center | 125 | No | Before initiation of ADT+radiotherapy | Within one year after treatment initiation | Post |
Korczak et al [21] | 2023 | Poland | Prospective observational study, single-centre | HSPC 34 CRPC 30 |
No | HSCPC: before initiation of ADT+docetaxel±radiotherapy CRPC: during ADT+abiraterone or enzalutamide±radiotherapy±prostatectomy |
At the moment of biochemical progression | HSPC post CRPC prior+post; no information about prior treatment |
Sheean et al [22] | 2022 | USA | Retrospective observational study | 74 Subgroup at baseline: 54 Subgroup at follow-up: 19 |
No | Before initiation of ADT±docetaxel | At the moment of death or last contact | Post |
Couderc et al [25] | 2020 | France | Prospective observational study, single-centre | 31 Subgroup at follow-up: 6 |
No | Before initiation of ADT+radiotherapy | At the end of the treatment | Post |
Sheikhbahaei et al [26] | 2020 | USA | Retrospective observational study, single-center | 22 | No | Before initiation of neoadjuvant therapy: ADT+docetaxel | I: 1 month after the completion of neoadjuvant therapy II: approximately 1 year after initiation of neoadjuvant therapy. |
Post |
SARCOPENIA ASSESSED AS A SINGLE MEASURMENT DURING ADT | ||||||||
Owen et al [27] | 2019 | Australia | Cross-sectional study | 70 | Non-ADT prostate cancer: 52 Healthy: 70 |
During ADT treatment ± chemotherapy | Prior | |
Kimura et al [28] | 2019 | Japan | Cross-sectional study | 89 | No | During ADT | Prior |
Study | Age [years] | PSA [ng/ml] | Gleason score | Albumin [g/L] | Hb [mmol/l] | Performance status | Comorbidities | BMI [kg/m2] | BMI category |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SARCOPENIA ASSESSED AT BASELINE AND FOLLOW-UP | |||||||||
Chiang et al [24] | 73 median, 67–78 IQR | 27.8 median, 21.2-60.5 IQR | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Age-adjusted CCI: 4 median, 3-5 IQR | 24.2±3.5 | N/A |
Korczak et al [21] | HSPC: 68.6±7.1 CRPC: 72.0±7.5 |
HSPC: 206.3±547.6 CRPC: 82±155.5 |
HSPC: 8 median, 5-9 range CRPC: 7 median, 4-9 range |
N/A | HSPC: 8.176±0,.8370 CRPC: 8.778±1.406 |
WHO HSPC: 0, 6%; 1, 70%; 2, 24% CRPC: 0, 100% |
Diabetes HSPC: 26.5; CRPC: 16.6 Hypertension HSPC: 61.8; CRPC: 66.7 Ischemic heart disease HSPC: 14.7; CRPC: 46.76 Other HSPC: 44.1; CRPC: 40.0 |
HSPC: 28.5±4.9 CRPC: 29.3±4.4 |
HSPC: underweight 3%; normal: 20%; overweight: 35%; obesity: 42% CRPC: underweight 0%; normal: 19%; overweight: 37%; obesity: 44% |
Sheean et al [22] | 71 median, 63–79 IQR | N=511 110 median, IQR 35–677 |
7, 36% 8-10, 64% |
N=701 36 median, 34.0–41.0 IQR g/dL |
N=711 7.76 median, 6.83–8.5 IQR |
ECOG 0, 80% ≥1, 20% |
2 median, 1-3 IQR 28% diabetes |
N=711 27.6 median, 24.8–31.1 IQR |
N=551 Normal 22%, overweight 46%, obesity 32% |
Couderc et al [25] | 80.5±4.3 , 70-88 range | N/A | N/A | 41.8±2.5, 37.6-47.9 range | N/A | N/A | Number of comorbidities 3.4±1.6, 0-7 range ≥5 drugs 58.1% |
26.6±3.6, 21-42 range | N/A |
Sheikhbahaei et al [26] | 58 median, 54.3–64.3 IQR, 48–75 range | 14 median, 7.2–44 IQR | 8 median, 8–9 IQR, 7–10 range | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 29.3 median, 25.1–33.4 IQR | Normal 22.7%; overweight 27.3%; obese 50% |
SARCOPENIA ASSESSED AS A SINGLE MEASURMENT DURING ADT | |||||||||
Owen et al [27] | 71±6 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Yes 88.6% If yes, mean 3±1 |
28.8±5.0 | N/A |
Kimura et al [28] | 79.8±6.4 | 0.67±1.69 | ≤6 16.8% ≤7 27.0% ≥8 56.2% |
N/A | N/A | N/A | ≥3, 16.9% | 23.1±3.0 | N/A |
Study | Cancer | Metastasis sites | Current therapy | ADT drug | ADT duration | Other drugs or intervention |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SARCOPENIA ASSESSED AT BASELINE AND FOLLOW-UP | ||||||
Chiang et al [24] |
NCCN: high-risk 72.0%; very high-risk 28.0% | N/A | ADT+EBRT; 72-76Gy Followed by 2-3 years of adjuvant ADT |
N/A | N/A | N/A |
Korczak et al [21] |
Metastatic HSPC and CRPC | Bones HSPC: 94%; CRPC: 70% Lymph nodes HSPC: 74%; CRPC: 53% Parenchymal organs HSPC: 3%; CRPC: 0 |
HSPC: ADT+docetaxel 75 mg/m2 79.5%/docetaxel 50mg/m2 20.5%, with radiotherapy 11.8%, prostatectomy 0 CRPC: ADT+abiraterone +predniosne 70%/enzalutamide 30% with radiotherapy 63.3%, prostatectomy 13.3% |
N/A | N/A | Dietary consultation HSPC: 20%; CRPC: 38%; ONS2 for approx. 50% of them if NRS ≥3 |
Sheean et al [22] |
Metastatic HSPC | Total distant metastases 1 median, 1-2 IQR Bone metastases 76% |
ADT±docetaxel 34% | Androgen receptor inhibitors; gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues; gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists | N/A | N/A |
Couderc et al [25] |
High-risk 45.2%; intermediate 45.2% |
N/A | N=191 ADT+radiotherapy mean 75.6 Gy |
N/A | N=191 6 months 42.11% 15 months 52.63% 18 months 5.26% |
N/A |
Sheikhbahaei et al [26] |
Castration naïve oligometastatic cancer | N/A | Neoadjuvant ADT+docetaxel 75/55/35 mg/m2+dexamethasone 2/day, beginning the day before chemotherapy, for 3 days. 45,45%: concurrent abiraterone+prednisone for 1-16 weeks. N=211 radical prostatectomy+radiation therapy to the prostatic/pelvic bed+consolidative stereotactic radiation to metastases |
Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists | Neoadjuvant therapy 9 weeks median, 9–11 IQR From neoadjuvant therapy to prostatectomy 9 weeks median, 7–10 IQR N=211 ADT for 12 months after prostatectomy |
N/A |
SARCOPENIA ASSESSED AS A SINGLE MEASURMENT DURING ADT | ||||||
Owen et al [27] |
Localised/removed 64.3%; advanced 7.1%; unknown 28.6% |
N/A | ADT±prior therapy | Goserelin 57.1% Leuprorelin 20% Goserelin+bicalutamide 7.1% Leuprorelin+bicalutamide 4.3% Triptorelin 4.3% Degarelix 2.9% Abiraterone 1.4% Degarelix+bicalutamide 1.4% Enzalutamide 1.4% |
Min 12 weeks; 25±36 months | Previous prostatectomy 48.6% Previous radiotherapy 68.6% Previous chemotherapy 15.7% |
Kimura et al [28] |
T1 10.1%; T2 39.3%; T3/T4 50.6% | N/A | ADT±prior therapy | N/A | 83.6±57.6 months | Prostatectomy 6.7% Radiation 21.3% |
Study | BMI [kg/m2] baseline | BMI [kg/m2] follow up | Appendicular mass [kg/m2] | PMI [cm2 /m2] baseline | PMI [cm2 /m2] follow up | SMI [cm2/m2] baseline | SMI [cm2/m2] follow up | SMD [HU] baseline | SMD [HU] follow up | SATI [cm2/m2] baseline | SATI [cm2/m2] follow up | VATI [cm2/m2] baseline | VATI [cm2/m2] follow up | TATI [cm2/m2] baseline | TATI [cm2/m2] follow up |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SARCOPENIA ASSESSED AT BASELINE AND FOLLOW-UP | |||||||||||||||
Chiang et al [24] | 24.2±3.5 | 24.5±3.5 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 47.2±7.4 | 44.5±7.3 | 37.8±5.6 | 34.9±5.9 | 39.9±13.6 | 44.7±14.7 | 55.2±28.0 | 60.1±29.6 | 95.1±37.7 | 104.6±40.4 |
Korczak et al [21] | HSPC: 28.5 ± 4.9 CRPC: 29.3 ±4.4 |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | HSPC: 54.01± 9.85 CRPC: 52.0±8.311 |
HSPC: 50.4 ±9.61 CRPC: 47.4±6.46 |
N/A | N/A | HSPC: 66.47±33.36 CRPC: 86.1±29.7 |
HSPC: 78.2±39.2 CRPC: 92.01±40.2 |
HSPC: 90.40± 44.2 CRPC: 110.2±37.9 |
HSPC: 101.7±42.6 CRPC: 112.4±39.89 |
N/A | N/A |
Sheean et al [22] | N = 711 27.6 median, 24.8–31.1 IQR |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N=551 49.8 median, 40.2–56.2 IQR |
Non-black N=141: −3.7 median, (−8.5)–(−0.4) IQR (7% loss) Black N=51: −1.2 median, (−1.8)–12.5) IQR (2% gain) |
N=551 33.8, median 26.3–41.8 IQR | Non-black N=141: −5.7 median, (−9.6)−(3.2) IQR (14%) Black N=51: −5.3 median, (−7.2)−(−1.4) IQR (12%) |
N=551 51.9 median, 33.3–69.4 IQR |
Subcutaneous adipose tissue change [cm2] Non-black N=141: 23.2 median, (−6.5)−51.5 IQR (5% gain) Black N=51: 95.2 median, (89.4–172.3) IQR (8% gain) |
N=551 61.6 median, 33.6–98.9 IQR |
Visceral adipose tissue change [cm2] Non-black N=141: −16.0 median, (−32.2)−3.5 IQR (1% gain) Black N=51: median 40.1, 29.4–41.0 IQR (2% gain) |
N/A | N/A |
Couderc et al [25] | N=191 26.1±2.6, 21-32 range |
N=191 25.5±3.2, 18-31.9 range |
ASSM/height2 <7.0 for 2 patients | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Sheikhbahaei et al [26] | 29.3 median, 25.1–33.4 IQR | N/A | N/A | 8.7 median, 8.11–11.3 IQR Psoas muscle mass 27.5 median, 24.6–36.7 IQR |
Psoas muscle area I: −13.9% (−7.6, −16.5) II: −13.2(−6, −11.2)) |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 72.4 median, 51.0–107.1 IQR Subcutaneous adiposity [cm2]: 217 median, 159.8–340.9 IQR |
Subcutaneous fat [cm2] I: +8.9(+5.1, +21.5) II: +18.9(+6.1, +33.8) |
81.6 median, 46.4–102.9 IQR Visceral adiposity [cm2]: 261.3 median, 142.4–326.9 IQR |
Visceral fat [cm2] I: −1.6(−9.9, +18,7) II: +8.4(−1.7, +23.8) |
Total adiposity [cm2] 476.8 median, 389.8–685 IQR |
Total adiposity[cm2] I: +5.7(+0.8, +15.2) II: +10.3(+2.7, +28.5) |
SARCOPENIA ASSESSED AS A SINGLE MEASURMENT DURING ADT | |||||||||||||||
Owen et al [27] | 28.8 ±5.0 | ALMI 8.07±0.95 ALMBMI 0.875±0.117 |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||
Kimura et al [28] | 23.1±3.0 | N/A | N/A | 7.23±1.10 [kg/m2] | 0.20±0.04 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Study | Sarcopenia definition | Assessment | Assessment methodology | Sarcopenia at baseline | Sarcopenia at follow up | Time to follow up | Significance of outcomes | Correlation between survival and sarcopenia |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SARCOPENIA ASSESSED AT BASELINE AND FOLLOW-UP | ||||||||
Chiang et al [24] |
SMI: <43.2cm2/m2 | CT: L3 level | One blinded researcher. | 33.6% | 48.0% | 180 days median, 146-223 IQR | p=0.001 | Sarcopenia at baseline was not associated with 3-year non-cancer-specific survival and 3-year prostate cancer-specific survival. |
Korczak et al [21] |
SMI: 1. 53cm2/m2 2. 43cm2/m2for BMI <25 kg/m2 3. Sarcopenic obesity: <53cm2/m2 for BMI >30kg/m2 |
CT: L3 level | Software CoreSlicer.com. Manual correction. | HSPC: 47.06% CRPC: 46.67% |
HSPC: 58% CRPC: 79.3% |
12.33 months median, 5.4-26 range | HSPC: NS CRPC: p=0.015 |
Sarcopenia was not correlated with progression-free survival. |
Sheean et al [22] |
SMI: 1. 53cm2/m2 2. 43cm2/m2for BMI <25kg/m2 3. Sarcopenic obesity: <53cm2/m2for BMI >30kg/m2 |
CT: L3 level | Automated tissue demarcation. Manual correction. 10 images were assessed for quality assurance. | N=55 49% (15% of N=55 had sarcopenic obesity) |
N=8 0% |
12.5 months median |
N/A | Sarcopenia was not correlated with overall survival. |
Couderc et al [25] |
EWGSOP2 guidelines Hand-grip <27kg DXA ASSM/height² <7.0kg/m2 |
Baseline: hand-grip strength Follow-up: DXA |
Hand-grip strength test was performed according to ASHT recommendations. | N=311 Probable sarcopenia 25% |
N=61 1 patient |
N/A | N/A | N/A |
Sheikhbahaei et al [26] |
PMI <5.7cm2/m2 Sarcopenic obesity: PMI <5.7cm2/m2 for BMI >30kg/m2 |
CT: L3-L4 level | Manual analysis of anonymized images twice at different time points. Third reviewer assessed differences. | Sarcopenic obesity 9.1% | No change at both follow up CTs | First: 3 months median, 2–3 IQR Second: 12 months median, 10.5–17.5 IQR |
N/A | N/A |
SARCOPENIA ASSESSED AS A SINGLE MEASURMENT | ||||||||
Owen et al [27] |
ALMHFM ≤−1.816 and weak handgrip strength and/ or slow gait speed based on EWGSOP1, EWGSOP2, FNIH and IWGS |
Handgrip dynamometer 4 m walk test DXA |
Six tests, three for each hand, were performed for dynamometry (the highest). Dynamometer Jamar Plus Digital. Three test for gait speed were performed (the fastest). For DXA researchers were blinded. Software 12.30.008 (Lunar iDXA, GE Lunar Corp., Madison, USA). |
ADT group: FNIH 1.0% EWGSOP1 1.0% EGSOP2 or IWGS 0 No-ADT group: EWGSOP1 1.92% Healthy group EWGSOP1 1.43% |
N/A | N/A | N/A | |
Kimura et al [28] |
Walking speed <0.8m/s and/or handgrip strength <26kg+ SMI <7.0kg/m2 Sarcopenic obesity: sarcopenic criteria+body fat ≥25% |
Handgrip dynamometer 5m walking BIA |
Two tests were performed for dynamometry (the highest) and walking test (average). Dynamometer TKK 5401. BMI system MC-780A. | Sarcopenia non-obese 15.7% Sarcopenic obesity 13.5% |
N/A | N/A | N/A |
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Submitted:
19 January 2024
Posted:
23 January 2024
You are already at the latest version
A peer-reviewed article of this preprint also exists.
This version is not peer-reviewed
Submitted:
19 January 2024
Posted:
23 January 2024
You are already at the latest version
Study | Year | Country | Study design | Study population | Control population | Baseline | Follow up | ADT implementation: prior/post baseline |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SARCOPENIA ASSESSED AT BASELINE AND FOLLOW-UP | ||||||||
Chiang et al [24] | 2021 | Italy | Retrospective observational study, single-center | 125 | No | Before initiation of ADT+radiotherapy | Within one year after treatment initiation | Post |
Korczak et al [21] | 2023 | Poland | Prospective observational study, single-centre | HSPC 34 CRPC 30 |
No | HSCPC: before initiation of ADT+docetaxel±radiotherapy CRPC: during ADT+abiraterone or enzalutamide±radiotherapy±prostatectomy |
At the moment of biochemical progression | HSPC post CRPC prior+post; no information about prior treatment |
Sheean et al [22] | 2022 | USA | Retrospective observational study | 74 Subgroup at baseline: 54 Subgroup at follow-up: 19 |
No | Before initiation of ADT±docetaxel | At the moment of death or last contact | Post |
Couderc et al [25] | 2020 | France | Prospective observational study, single-centre | 31 Subgroup at follow-up: 6 |
No | Before initiation of ADT+radiotherapy | At the end of the treatment | Post |
Sheikhbahaei et al [26] | 2020 | USA | Retrospective observational study, single-center | 22 | No | Before initiation of neoadjuvant therapy: ADT+docetaxel | I: 1 month after the completion of neoadjuvant therapy II: approximately 1 year after initiation of neoadjuvant therapy. |
Post |
SARCOPENIA ASSESSED AS A SINGLE MEASURMENT DURING ADT | ||||||||
Owen et al [27] | 2019 | Australia | Cross-sectional study | 70 | Non-ADT prostate cancer: 52 Healthy: 70 |
During ADT treatment ± chemotherapy | Prior | |
Kimura et al [28] | 2019 | Japan | Cross-sectional study | 89 | No | During ADT | Prior |
Study | Age [years] | PSA [ng/ml] | Gleason score | Albumin [g/L] | Hb [mmol/l] | Performance status | Comorbidities | BMI [kg/m2] | BMI category |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SARCOPENIA ASSESSED AT BASELINE AND FOLLOW-UP | |||||||||
Chiang et al [24] | 73 median, 67–78 IQR | 27.8 median, 21.2-60.5 IQR | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Age-adjusted CCI: 4 median, 3-5 IQR | 24.2±3.5 | N/A |
Korczak et al [21] | HSPC: 68.6±7.1 CRPC: 72.0±7.5 |
HSPC: 206.3±547.6 CRPC: 82±155.5 |
HSPC: 8 median, 5-9 range CRPC: 7 median, 4-9 range |
N/A | HSPC: 8.176±0,.8370 CRPC: 8.778±1.406 |
WHO HSPC: 0, 6%; 1, 70%; 2, 24% CRPC: 0, 100% |
Diabetes HSPC: 26.5; CRPC: 16.6 Hypertension HSPC: 61.8; CRPC: 66.7 Ischemic heart disease HSPC: 14.7; CRPC: 46.76 Other HSPC: 44.1; CRPC: 40.0 |
HSPC: 28.5±4.9 CRPC: 29.3±4.4 |
HSPC: underweight 3%; normal: 20%; overweight: 35%; obesity: 42% CRPC: underweight 0%; normal: 19%; overweight: 37%; obesity: 44% |
Sheean et al [22] | 71 median, 63–79 IQR | N=511 110 median, IQR 35–677 |
7, 36% 8-10, 64% |
N=701 36 median, 34.0–41.0 IQR g/dL |
N=711 7.76 median, 6.83–8.5 IQR |
ECOG 0, 80% ≥1, 20% |
2 median, 1-3 IQR 28% diabetes |
N=711 27.6 median, 24.8–31.1 IQR |
N=551 Normal 22%, overweight 46%, obesity 32% |
Couderc et al [25] | 80.5±4.3 , 70-88 range | N/A | N/A | 41.8±2.5, 37.6-47.9 range | N/A | N/A | Number of comorbidities 3.4±1.6, 0-7 range ≥5 drugs 58.1% |
26.6±3.6, 21-42 range | N/A |
Sheikhbahaei et al [26] | 58 median, 54.3–64.3 IQR, 48–75 range | 14 median, 7.2–44 IQR | 8 median, 8–9 IQR, 7–10 range | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 29.3 median, 25.1–33.4 IQR | Normal 22.7%; overweight 27.3%; obese 50% |
SARCOPENIA ASSESSED AS A SINGLE MEASURMENT DURING ADT | |||||||||
Owen et al [27] | 71±6 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Yes 88.6% If yes, mean 3±1 |
28.8±5.0 | N/A |
Kimura et al [28] | 79.8±6.4 | 0.67±1.69 | ≤6 16.8% ≤7 27.0% ≥8 56.2% |
N/A | N/A | N/A | ≥3, 16.9% | 23.1±3.0 | N/A |
Study | Cancer | Metastasis sites | Current therapy | ADT drug | ADT duration | Other drugs or intervention |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SARCOPENIA ASSESSED AT BASELINE AND FOLLOW-UP | ||||||
Chiang et al [24] |
NCCN: high-risk 72.0%; very high-risk 28.0% | N/A | ADT+EBRT; 72-76Gy Followed by 2-3 years of adjuvant ADT |
N/A | N/A | N/A |
Korczak et al [21] |
Metastatic HSPC and CRPC | Bones HSPC: 94%; CRPC: 70% Lymph nodes HSPC: 74%; CRPC: 53% Parenchymal organs HSPC: 3%; CRPC: 0 |
HSPC: ADT+docetaxel 75 mg/m2 79.5%/docetaxel 50mg/m2 20.5%, with radiotherapy 11.8%, prostatectomy 0 CRPC: ADT+abiraterone +predniosne 70%/enzalutamide 30% with radiotherapy 63.3%, prostatectomy 13.3% |
N/A | N/A | Dietary consultation HSPC: 20%; CRPC: 38%; ONS2 for approx. 50% of them if NRS ≥3 |
Sheean et al [22] |
Metastatic HSPC | Total distant metastases 1 median, 1-2 IQR Bone metastases 76% |
ADT±docetaxel 34% | Androgen receptor inhibitors; gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues; gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists | N/A | N/A |
Couderc et al [25] |
High-risk 45.2%; intermediate 45.2% |
N/A | N=191 ADT+radiotherapy mean 75.6 Gy |
N/A | N=191 6 months 42.11% 15 months 52.63% 18 months 5.26% |
N/A |
Sheikhbahaei et al [26] |
Castration naïve oligometastatic cancer | N/A | Neoadjuvant ADT+docetaxel 75/55/35 mg/m2+dexamethasone 2/day, beginning the day before chemotherapy, for 3 days. 45,45%: concurrent abiraterone+prednisone for 1-16 weeks. N=211 radical prostatectomy+radiation therapy to the prostatic/pelvic bed+consolidative stereotactic radiation to metastases |
Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists | Neoadjuvant therapy 9 weeks median, 9–11 IQR From neoadjuvant therapy to prostatectomy 9 weeks median, 7–10 IQR N=211 ADT for 12 months after prostatectomy |
N/A |
SARCOPENIA ASSESSED AS A SINGLE MEASURMENT DURING ADT | ||||||
Owen et al [27] |
Localised/removed 64.3%; advanced 7.1%; unknown 28.6% |
N/A | ADT±prior therapy | Goserelin 57.1% Leuprorelin 20% Goserelin+bicalutamide 7.1% Leuprorelin+bicalutamide 4.3% Triptorelin 4.3% Degarelix 2.9% Abiraterone 1.4% Degarelix+bicalutamide 1.4% Enzalutamide 1.4% |
Min 12 weeks; 25±36 months | Previous prostatectomy 48.6% Previous radiotherapy 68.6% Previous chemotherapy 15.7% |
Kimura et al [28] |
T1 10.1%; T2 39.3%; T3/T4 50.6% | N/A | ADT±prior therapy | N/A | 83.6±57.6 months | Prostatectomy 6.7% Radiation 21.3% |
Study | BMI [kg/m2] baseline | BMI [kg/m2] follow up | Appendicular mass [kg/m2] | PMI [cm2 /m2] baseline | PMI [cm2 /m2] follow up | SMI [cm2/m2] baseline | SMI [cm2/m2] follow up | SMD [HU] baseline | SMD [HU] follow up | SATI [cm2/m2] baseline | SATI [cm2/m2] follow up | VATI [cm2/m2] baseline | VATI [cm2/m2] follow up | TATI [cm2/m2] baseline | TATI [cm2/m2] follow up |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SARCOPENIA ASSESSED AT BASELINE AND FOLLOW-UP | |||||||||||||||
Chiang et al [24] | 24.2±3.5 | 24.5±3.5 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 47.2±7.4 | 44.5±7.3 | 37.8±5.6 | 34.9±5.9 | 39.9±13.6 | 44.7±14.7 | 55.2±28.0 | 60.1±29.6 | 95.1±37.7 | 104.6±40.4 |
Korczak et al [21] | HSPC: 28.5 ± 4.9 CRPC: 29.3 ±4.4 |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | HSPC: 54.01± 9.85 CRPC: 52.0±8.311 |
HSPC: 50.4 ±9.61 CRPC: 47.4±6.46 |
N/A | N/A | HSPC: 66.47±33.36 CRPC: 86.1±29.7 |
HSPC: 78.2±39.2 CRPC: 92.01±40.2 |
HSPC: 90.40± 44.2 CRPC: 110.2±37.9 |
HSPC: 101.7±42.6 CRPC: 112.4±39.89 |
N/A | N/A |
Sheean et al [22] | N = 711 27.6 median, 24.8–31.1 IQR |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N=551 49.8 median, 40.2–56.2 IQR |
Non-black N=141: −3.7 median, (−8.5)–(−0.4) IQR (7% loss) Black N=51: −1.2 median, (−1.8)–12.5) IQR (2% gain) |
N=551 33.8, median 26.3–41.8 IQR | Non-black N=141: −5.7 median, (−9.6)−(3.2) IQR (14%) Black N=51: −5.3 median, (−7.2)−(−1.4) IQR (12%) |
N=551 51.9 median, 33.3–69.4 IQR |
Subcutaneous adipose tissue change [cm2] Non-black N=141: 23.2 median, (−6.5)−51.5 IQR (5% gain) Black N=51: 95.2 median, (89.4–172.3) IQR (8% gain) |
N=551 61.6 median, 33.6–98.9 IQR |
Visceral adipose tissue change [cm2] Non-black N=141: −16.0 median, (−32.2)−3.5 IQR (1% gain) Black N=51: median 40.1, 29.4–41.0 IQR (2% gain) |
N/A | N/A |
Couderc et al [25] | N=191 26.1±2.6, 21-32 range |
N=191 25.5±3.2, 18-31.9 range |
ASSM/height2 <7.0 for 2 patients | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Sheikhbahaei et al [26] | 29.3 median, 25.1–33.4 IQR | N/A | N/A | 8.7 median, 8.11–11.3 IQR Psoas muscle mass 27.5 median, 24.6–36.7 IQR |
Psoas muscle area I: −13.9% (−7.6, −16.5) II: −13.2(−6, −11.2)) |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 72.4 median, 51.0–107.1 IQR Subcutaneous adiposity [cm2]: 217 median, 159.8–340.9 IQR |
Subcutaneous fat [cm2] I: +8.9(+5.1, +21.5) II: +18.9(+6.1, +33.8) |
81.6 median, 46.4–102.9 IQR Visceral adiposity [cm2]: 261.3 median, 142.4–326.9 IQR |
Visceral fat [cm2] I: −1.6(−9.9, +18,7) II: +8.4(−1.7, +23.8) |
Total adiposity [cm2] 476.8 median, 389.8–685 IQR |
Total adiposity[cm2] I: +5.7(+0.8, +15.2) II: +10.3(+2.7, +28.5) |
SARCOPENIA ASSESSED AS A SINGLE MEASURMENT DURING ADT | |||||||||||||||
Owen et al [27] | 28.8 ±5.0 | ALMI 8.07±0.95 ALMBMI 0.875±0.117 |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||
Kimura et al [28] | 23.1±3.0 | N/A | N/A | 7.23±1.10 [kg/m2] | 0.20±0.04 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Study | Sarcopenia definition | Assessment | Assessment methodology | Sarcopenia at baseline | Sarcopenia at follow up | Time to follow up | Significance of outcomes | Correlation between survival and sarcopenia |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SARCOPENIA ASSESSED AT BASELINE AND FOLLOW-UP | ||||||||
Chiang et al [24] |
SMI: <43.2cm2/m2 | CT: L3 level | One blinded researcher. | 33.6% | 48.0% | 180 days median, 146-223 IQR | p=0.001 | Sarcopenia at baseline was not associated with 3-year non-cancer-specific survival and 3-year prostate cancer-specific survival. |
Korczak et al [21] |
SMI: 1. 53cm2/m2 2. 43cm2/m2for BMI <25 kg/m2 3. Sarcopenic obesity: <53cm2/m2 for BMI >30kg/m2 |
CT: L3 level | Software CoreSlicer.com. Manual correction. | HSPC: 47.06% CRPC: 46.67% |
HSPC: 58% CRPC: 79.3% |
12.33 months median, 5.4-26 range | HSPC: NS CRPC: p=0.015 |
Sarcopenia was not correlated with progression-free survival. |
Sheean et al [22] |
SMI: 1. 53cm2/m2 2. 43cm2/m2for BMI <25kg/m2 3. Sarcopenic obesity: <53cm2/m2for BMI >30kg/m2 |
CT: L3 level | Automated tissue demarcation. Manual correction. 10 images were assessed for quality assurance. | N=55 49% (15% of N=55 had sarcopenic obesity) |
N=8 0% |
12.5 months median |
N/A | Sarcopenia was not correlated with overall survival. |
Couderc et al [25] |
EWGSOP2 guidelines Hand-grip <27kg DXA ASSM/height² <7.0kg/m2 |
Baseline: hand-grip strength Follow-up: DXA |
Hand-grip strength test was performed according to ASHT recommendations. | N=311 Probable sarcopenia 25% |
N=61 1 patient |
N/A | N/A | N/A |
Sheikhbahaei et al [26] |
PMI <5.7cm2/m2 Sarcopenic obesity: PMI <5.7cm2/m2 for BMI >30kg/m2 |
CT: L3-L4 level | Manual analysis of anonymized images twice at different time points. Third reviewer assessed differences. | Sarcopenic obesity 9.1% | No change at both follow up CTs | First: 3 months median, 2–3 IQR Second: 12 months median, 10.5–17.5 IQR |
N/A | N/A |
SARCOPENIA ASSESSED AS A SINGLE MEASURMENT | ||||||||
Owen et al [27] |
ALMHFM ≤−1.816 and weak handgrip strength and/ or slow gait speed based on EWGSOP1, EWGSOP2, FNIH and IWGS |
Handgrip dynamometer 4 m walk test DXA |
Six tests, three for each hand, were performed for dynamometry (the highest). Dynamometer Jamar Plus Digital. Three test for gait speed were performed (the fastest). For DXA researchers were blinded. Software 12.30.008 (Lunar iDXA, GE Lunar Corp., Madison, USA). |
ADT group: FNIH 1.0% EWGSOP1 1.0% EGSOP2 or IWGS 0 No-ADT group: EWGSOP1 1.92% Healthy group EWGSOP1 1.43% |
N/A | N/A | N/A | |
Kimura et al [28] |
Walking speed <0.8m/s and/or handgrip strength <26kg+ SMI <7.0kg/m2 Sarcopenic obesity: sarcopenic criteria+body fat ≥25% |
Handgrip dynamometer 5m walking BIA |
Two tests were performed for dynamometry (the highest) and walking test (average). Dynamometer TKK 5401. BMI system MC-780A. | Sarcopenia non-obese 15.7% Sarcopenic obesity 13.5% |
N/A | N/A | N/A |
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Antonino De Lorenzo
et al.
,
2018
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