Resta, E.; Resta, O.; Costantiello, A.; Leogrande, A. The Hospital Emigration to Another Region in the Light of the Environmental, Social and Governance Model in Italy during the Period 2004-2021. BMC Public Health 2024, 24, doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19369-x.
Resta, E.; Resta, O.; Costantiello, A.; Leogrande, A. The Hospital Emigration to Another Region in the Light of the Environmental, Social and Governance Model in Italy during the Period 2004-2021. BMC Public Health 2024, 24, doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19369-x.
Resta, E.; Resta, O.; Costantiello, A.; Leogrande, A. The Hospital Emigration to Another Region in the Light of the Environmental, Social and Governance Model in Italy during the Period 2004-2021. BMC Public Health 2024, 24, doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19369-x.
Resta, E.; Resta, O.; Costantiello, A.; Leogrande, A. The Hospital Emigration to Another Region in the Light of the Environmental, Social and Governance Model in Italy during the Period 2004-2021. BMC Public Health 2024, 24, doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19369-x.
Abstract
The following article presents an analysis of the impact of the Environmental, Social and Governance-ESG determinants on Hospital Emigration to Another Region-HEAR in the Italian regions in the period 2004-2021. The data are analysed using Panel Data with Random Effects, Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Pooled Ordinary Least Squares-OLS, Weighted Least Squares-WLS, and Dynamic Panel at 1 Stage. Results show that HEAR is negatively associated to E, positively to S and negatively associated to the G within the ESG model. The data were subjected to clustering with a k-Means algorithm optimized with the Silhouette coefficient. The optimal clustering with k=2 is compared to the sub-optimal cluster with k=3. The results suggest a negative relationship between the resident population and hospital emigration at regional level. Finally, a prediction is proposed with machine learning algorithms classified based on statistical performance. The results show that the Artificial Neural Network-ANN algorithm is the best predictor. The ANN predictions are critically analyzed in light of health economic policy directions.
Keywords
Analysis of Health Care Markets; Health Behaviors; Health Insurance; Public and Private; Health and Inequality; Health and Economic Development; Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
Subject
Business, Economics and Management, Econometrics and Statistics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
