Kim, H.-J.; Park, W. Alleviative Effect of Geniposide on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages via Calcium Pathway. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2024, 25, 1728.
Kim, H.-J.; Park, W. Alleviative Effect of Geniposide on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages via Calcium Pathway. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 1728.
Kim, H.-J.; Park, W. Alleviative Effect of Geniposide on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages via Calcium Pathway. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2024, 25, 1728.
Kim, H.-J.; Park, W. Alleviative Effect of Geniposide on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages via Calcium Pathway. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 1728.
Abstract
Geniposide is a major ingredient in the herb gardenia, and this study investigated effects of geniposide on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages (RAW 264.7). Griess reagent assay, Fluo-4 calcium assay, dihydrorhodamine 123 assay, multiplex cytokine assay, quantitative RT-PCR, and flow cytometry assay were done using RAW 264.7. Data showed that geniposide at concentrations of 10, 25, and 50 μM reduced significantly levels of nitric oxide, intracellular Ca2+, and hydrogen peroxide in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7. Multiplex cytokine assay represented geniposide at concentrations of 10, 25, and 50 μM meaningfully suppressed levels of IL-6, G-CSF, MCP-1 and MIP-1α in RAW 264.7 provoked by lipopolysaccharide; additionally, geniposide at concentrations of 25 and 50 μM meaningfully suppressed levels of TNF-α, IP-10, GM-CSF, and MIP-1β. Flow cytometry assay represented that geniposide reduces significantly the level of phosphorylated P38 MAPK in RAW 264.7 provoked by lipopolysaccharide. Geniposide meaningfully suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced transcription of inflammatory target genes such as Chop, Jak2, Fas, c-Jun, c-Fos, Stat3, Nos2, Ptgs2, Gadd34, Asc, Xbp1, Nlrp3, and Par-2. Taken together, geniposide exerts anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages via calcium-P38 MAPK pathway.
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