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A peer-reviewed article of this preprint also exists.
This version is not peer-reviewed
Submitted:
25 December 2023
Posted:
26 December 2023
You are already at the latest version
Method | Advantage | Disadvantage |
---|---|---|
Two-dimensional numerical simulation | The trajectory (2D), velocity, impact energy and bounce height of the spherical rockfall can be calculated. | It is assumed that the rockfall is a spherical particle without damage or deformation, and the influence of rockfall shape is not taken into account. [33] |
Three-dimensional numerical simulation | The shape, size and site characteristics of the rockfall can be restored to a high degree, and data such as the trajectory (3D), speed and energy of the rockfall can be obtained. [34] | The accuracy of the simulation is affected by the accuracy of the three-dimensional modeling of the site, and the operation is complicated and the architecture and theoretical basis adopted by different software (models) are not uniform, so the simulation results obtained by different software (models) under the same conditions are different. [35] |
Model test | The experimental variables are controllable and the influence of various factors can be considered comprehensively. The established model has a wide range of application. | The model test can not restore the actual rockfall disaster, and the empirical model is not reliable. |
Data statistics | The rockfall disaster data is the most realistic, and when the amount of data is sufficient, the reliability of the established model is higher. | The empirical model is only applicable to the data source region or the region with similar topographic and geomorphologic characteristics. |
Field test | It can restore the rockfall disaster to the greatest extent, and the obtained data is closest to the real data, and the established empirical model has high reliability. |
Materials | Po52.5 Cement | 8–20 Mesh Quartz Stone | 20–80 Mesh Quartz Stone | Fly Ash | Silica Fume | Water |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Material Usage (%) | 37 | 10 | 45 | 5 | 3 | 12.5 |
Additive | ZY808 Defoamer | ZY1100 Plastic Expansion Agent | ZY8121 Water Reducing Agent | MK400 Cellulose | ||
Dosage per 100 kg (g) | 30 | 20 | 130 | 15 | ||
Material Usage (%) | 37 | 10 | 45 | 5 |
Test Block | Shape | Size | Test Block | Mass (g) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic Length | ||||
A | Sphere | Diameter | 70 | 449 |
B | Regular Hexahedron | Edge Length | 56 | 432 |
C | Regular Octahedron | Edge Length | 72 | 432 |
D | Cylinder | Diameter/Height | 50/90 | 434 |
E | Four-sided Prism ① | Length/Width/Height | 45/45/88 | 437 |
F | Four-sided Prism ④ | Length/Width/Height | 50/55/64 | 440 |
G | Octagonal Prism | Edge Length/Height | 20/90 | 427 |
H | Dodecagonal Prism | Edge Length/Height | 13/91 | 423 |
I | Hexagonal Disc | Edge Length/Height | 50/27 | 432 |
J | Decagonal Disc | Edge Length/Height | 28/29 | 429 |
K | Dodecagonal Disc | Edge Length/Height | 23/30 | 436 |
L | Circular Disc | Diameter/Height | 90/28 | 437 |
Test Block | λ | R1´/R2´(mm) | dk1/dk2 |
I1/I2 (×10-4) |
ψ1/ψ2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 1 | 35 | 1 | 2.2 | 0 |
B | 1 | 40 | 0.9 | 2.29 | 0.36 |
C | 1 | 50 | 0.9 | 2.28 | 0.34 |
D | 0.56 | 25/51.5 | 1/0.87 | 1.38/5.74 | 0/0.44 |
E | 0.51 | 31.8/49.4 | 0.90/0.86 | 1.5/3.63 | 0.36/0.48 |
F | 0.86 | 37/40.6 | 0.9/0.89 | 2.03/2.61 | 0.36/0.38 |
G | 0.59 | 26.1/52.3 | 0.97/0.71 | 1.2/5.9 | 0.1/0.45 |
H | 0.55 | 25.1/52 | 0.99/0.69 | 1.12/5.78 | 0.06/0.44 |
I | 0.27 | 50 | 0.96 | 4.11 | 0.17 |
J | 0.31 | 47 | 0.95 | 4.06 | 0.13 |
K | 0.34 | 44 | 0.99 | 4.09 | 0.04 |
L | 0.31 | 45 | 1 | 4.51 | 0 |
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