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Silymarin Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by UV and Air Pollution in Human Epidermis and Activates β-Endorphin Release through Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2
Boira, C.; Chapuis, E.; Scandolera, A.; Reynaud, R. Silymarin Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by UV and Air Pollution in Human Epidermis and Activates β-Endorphin Release through Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2. Cosmetics2024, 11, 30.
Boira, C.; Chapuis, E.; Scandolera, A.; Reynaud, R. Silymarin Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by UV and Air Pollution in Human Epidermis and Activates β-Endorphin Release through Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2. Cosmetics 2024, 11, 30.
Boira, C.; Chapuis, E.; Scandolera, A.; Reynaud, R. Silymarin Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by UV and Air Pollution in Human Epidermis and Activates β-Endorphin Release through Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2. Cosmetics2024, 11, 30.
Boira, C.; Chapuis, E.; Scandolera, A.; Reynaud, R. Silymarin Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by UV and Air Pollution in Human Epidermis and Activates β-Endorphin Release through Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2. Cosmetics 2024, 11, 30.
Abstract
Background: Skin is exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UV) and air pollution and recent works demonstrated these factors have additive effects in the disturbance of skin homeostasis. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) appears appropriate targets in the management of combined environmental stressors. The protective effects of Silymarin (SM), an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory complex of flavonoids, were evaluated. Methods: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interleukin 1-alpha (IL-1a) were quantified in UV+urban dust stressed reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) treated with SM. Gene expression study was conducted on targets related to AHR and Nrf2. SM agonistic activity on cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R) was evaluated on mast cells. Clinical study quantified the performance of SM and cannabidiol (CBD), in skin exposed to solar radiation and air pollution. Results: SM decreased morphological alterations, ROS and IL-1a in UV+urban dust stressed RHE. AHR and Nrf2 related genes were upregulated that control antioxidant effector and barrier function. Interleukin 8 gene expression was decreased. Clinical study confirmed SM to improve homogeneity and perceived well-being of urban skins exposed to UV, outperforming CBD. SM activated CB2R and release of β-endorphin from mast cells. Conclusions: SM provides protection of skin from oxidative stress and inflammation caused by two major factors of exposome and appears mediated by AHR-Nrf2. SM activation of CB2R opens a new understanding of SM anti-inflammatory properties.
Biology and Life Sciences, Biology and Biotechnology
Copyright:
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