Avgoustakis, K.; Angelopoulou, A. Biomaterial-Based Responsive Nanomedicines for Targeting Solid Tumor Microenvironments. Pharmaceutics2024, 16, 179.
Avgoustakis, K.; Angelopoulou, A. Biomaterial-Based Responsive Nanomedicines for Targeting Solid Tumor Microenvironments. Pharmaceutics 2024, 16, 179.
Avgoustakis, K.; Angelopoulou, A. Biomaterial-Based Responsive Nanomedicines for Targeting Solid Tumor Microenvironments. Pharmaceutics2024, 16, 179.
Avgoustakis, K.; Angelopoulou, A. Biomaterial-Based Responsive Nanomedicines for Targeting Solid Tumor Microenvironments. Pharmaceutics 2024, 16, 179.
Abstract
Solid tumors are composed of a highly complex and heterogenic microenvironment, with increasing metabolic status, playing a crucial role in the clinical therapeutic outcome of conventional treatments and innovative tumor nanomedicines. Scientists, have devoted great effort in conquering the tumor microenvironment (TME) challenges, in respect of effective drug accumulation and activity in tumor site, overcoming the obstacles of abnormal vasculature, dense stroma and extracellular matrix, hypoxia, and pH gradient acidosis. In this conquest, nanomedicines targeting distinct TME features have flourished, in order to increase site specificity and deep penetration, for effective antitumor activity, and further reprogram TME promoting suppression of cancer stem cells and metastasis. Thereby, several successful nanomedicine therapeutics have been under clinical trials, and further applied in clinical practice. Various novel strategies have been employed in preclinical studies and clinical trials, among which nanomedicines based on biomaterial, that have shown great promise in improving the therapeutic efficacy, reducing side effects, and promoting synergistic activity for TME targeting. In this review, we have focused on the targeting mechanisms for solid TME by nanomedicines based on the application of natural and synthetic biomaterials. We have described critical formulations that have been considered for the design of stimuli-responsive nanomedicines for TME. The development of such systems, has significantly advanced the application of biomaterials, in combinational therapies and in immunotherapies, for improved effectiveness.
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