Raghav, A.; Jeong, G.B. Nanoquercetin and Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Anticancer Therapeutics in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells2024, 13, 638.
Raghav, A.; Jeong, G.B. Nanoquercetin and Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Anticancer Therapeutics in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2024, 13, 638.
Raghav, A.; Jeong, G.B. Nanoquercetin and Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Anticancer Therapeutics in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells2024, 13, 638.
Raghav, A.; Jeong, G.B. Nanoquercetin and Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Anticancer Therapeutics in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2024, 13, 638.
Abstract
Over the few decades, cancer-associated mortalities and morbidities were continuously increased worldwide despite sophisticated technological advancements. Pharmaceutical interventions associated with drugs exhibit a high degree of side effects and toxicities in addition to very high costs. Subsequently, to reduce or to vanish the side effects and high costs, researchers are now exploring natural bioactive compounds such as quercetin in its nanoformulations along with biologics as cargo delivery vehicles. Quercetin along with mesenchymal stromal lineage-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) possesses an anti-cancer potential that can be explored to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Exerting enhanced effect, nano quercetin synergistically with EVs triggers the anti-cancer mechanisms by regulating and dysregulating several signalling mechanisms including NF-κB, p53, JAK/STAT, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT, in addition to PBX3/ERK1/2/CDK2, and miRNAs modulation. In addition, findings regarding the potential checkpoints of anti-cancer signalling pathways were investigated that offer opportunities to develop engineered EVs incorporated with nano quercetin for the development of novel therapeutics to treat HCC in future. In this present mechanistic review, we abridged the regulation of such signalling mechanisms synergetic approach of nano quercetin and EVs. The regulatory role of EVs in the manifestation of innumerable miRNAs has also been tailed with special context to HCC.
Keywords
nanoquercetin; extracellular vesicles; hepatocellular carcinoma; therapeutics; anticancer; drug delivery
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Oncology and Oncogenics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
