Bukan, M.; Mandić, A.; Kozumplik, V.; Lewis, R.S.; Šimić, D.; Šarčević, H. Effects of Recurrent Selection on Population Structure and Allele Frequencies in the M3S Maize Population. Agriculture2024, 14, 49.
Bukan, M.; Mandić, A.; Kozumplik, V.; Lewis, R.S.; Šimić, D.; Šarčević, H. Effects of Recurrent Selection on Population Structure and Allele Frequencies in the M3S Maize Population. Agriculture 2024, 14, 49.
Bukan, M.; Mandić, A.; Kozumplik, V.; Lewis, R.S.; Šimić, D.; Šarčević, H. Effects of Recurrent Selection on Population Structure and Allele Frequencies in the M3S Maize Population. Agriculture2024, 14, 49.
Bukan, M.; Mandić, A.; Kozumplik, V.; Lewis, R.S.; Šimić, D.; Šarčević, H. Effects of Recurrent Selection on Population Structure and Allele Frequencies in the M3S Maize Population. Agriculture 2024, 14, 49.
Abstract
The effects of four cycles of recurrent selection on simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker allele frequencies and population structure were examined in the Maksimir 3 Synthetic (M3S) maize population (Zea mays L.). Genotyping of 32 plants from each cycle of selection at 38 SSR loci revealed that the mean number of alleles per locus and the mean expected heterozygosity were preserved over cycles of selection, indicating maintenance of sufficient genetic variability in the population needed for future genetic gain. Waples test of selective neutrality revealed that genetic drift was the main force in changing allele frequencies in the population. The proportion of selectively nonneutral loci in single cycles of selection varied between 16% and 37%. Some nonneutral loci shared the same genomic locations with previously published QTLs controlling important agronomic traits. Between 5% and 29% of loci were found to be in significant Hardy-Weinberg (HW) disequilibrium with the majority showing an excess of homozygosity. Excess of homozygosity at several loci was highly consistent across cycle populations suggesting positive assortative mating as the possible cause of the observed HW disequilibrium. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) tests revealed that the M3S population was essentially in linkage equilibrium. The proportion of pairs of loci in significant LD varied across cycles of selection between 0.1% and 1.8% probably due to the effects of genetic drift and epistatic selection.
Keywords
maize; recurrent selection; grain yield, allele frequency, population structure, SSR markers
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Agricultural Science and Agronomy
Copyright:
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