Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Paleocene-Eocene Palana Formation in Western Rajasthan, India: Insights for Sedimentary Paleoenvironmental Conations and Volcanic Activity

Mohammed Hail Hakimi; Alok Kumar; Abdullah Alqubalee; Alok Singh; Mohammed Almobarky; Afikah Rahim; Mohammad Alqudah; Aref Lashin; Khairul Azlan Mustapha; Waqas Naseem

doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1550.v1

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preprints.org > environmental and earth sciences > geochemistry and petrology > doi: 10.20944/preprints202311.1550.v1

Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Paleocene-Eocene Palana Formation in Western Rajasthan, India: Insights for Sedimentary Paleoenvironmental Conations and Volcanic Activity

^* ,

Khairul Azlan Mustapha

Waqas Naseem

Version 1 : Received: 23 November 2023 / Approved: 24 November 2023 / Online: 24 November 2023 (02:40:59 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Hakimi, M.H.; Kumar, A.; Alqubalee, A.M.; Singh, A.K.; Almobarky, M.; Rahim, A.; Alqudah, M.; Lashin, A.; Mustapha, K.A.; Naseem, W. Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Paleocene–Eocene Palana Formation in Western Rajasthan, India: Insights for Sedimentary Paleoenvironmental Conditions and Volcanic Activity. Minerals 2024, 14, 126. Hakimi, M.H.; Kumar, A.; Alqubalee, A.M.; Singh, A.K.; Almobarky, M.; Rahim, A.; Alqudah, M.; Lashin, A.; Mustapha, K.A.; Naseem, W. Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Paleocene–Eocene Palana Formation in Western Rajasthan, India: Insights for Sedimentary Paleoenvironmental Conditions and Volcanic Activity. Minerals 2024, 14, 126.

Abstract

Organic-rich shale deposits of the Paleocene-Eocene Palana Formation in western Rajasthan, India were systematically analyzed based on the elemental composition and organic geochemistry combined with microscopic examinations to evaluate the sedimentary paleoenvironmental conations and volcanic activity and their impact on the high organic carbon accumulation. The Palana shales are categorized by high OM and sulfur contents with total values up to 36.23 wt. % and 2.24 wt. %, respectively, suggesting marine setting and anoxic environmental conditions during the Paleocene-Eocene period. The richness of phytoplankton algae (i.e., telalginite and lamalginite) together with redox-sensitive trace elements further suggests anoxic environmental conditions. The significant low oxygen conditions may contributes to enhance preservation of organic matter during deposition. The mineralogical and inorganic geochemical indicators demonstrate that the Palana organic-rich shale facies was accumulated in warm and humid climate and low salinity stratification conditions of the water columns, thereby contributing to high bioproductivity of the phytoplankton algae blooms within the photic zone. The presence of the high concentrations of Fe-rich silica minerals such as olivine in most of the Palana organic-rich shales facility volcanic origin and supports hydrothermal activities during the Paleocene-Eocene period. These volcanic activities in this case are considered influx of large masses of nutrients into the photic zone due to the ash accumulation. Therefore, high bio-productivity associated with effective OM preservation contributed to the organic carbon accumulation in the Palana Formation during the Paleocene-Eocene.

Keywords

organic-rich shale; bioproductivity; anoxia conditions; organic accumulation; Rajasthan; western India

Subject

Environmental and Earth Sciences, Geochemistry and Petrology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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