Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Relationship between Human Milk Oligosaccharide Profiles and Weight Growth Indicators of Indonesian Infants Aged 0–4 Months: A Prospective Longitudinal Study

Version 1 : Received: 15 November 2023 / Approved: 16 November 2023 / Online: 16 November 2023 (10:31:03 CET)

How to cite: Sudarma, V.; Hegar, B.; Sunardi, D.; Marzuki, N. S.; Munasir, Z.; Asmarinah, A.; Hidayat, A. Relationship between Human Milk Oligosaccharide Profiles and Weight Growth Indicators of Indonesian Infants Aged 0–4 Months: A Prospective Longitudinal Study. Preprints 2023, 2023111059. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202311.1059.v1 Sudarma, V.; Hegar, B.; Sunardi, D.; Marzuki, N. S.; Munasir, Z.; Asmarinah, A.; Hidayat, A. Relationship between Human Milk Oligosaccharide Profiles and Weight Growth Indicators of Indonesian Infants Aged 0–4 Months: A Prospective Longitudinal Study. Preprints 2023, 2023111059. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202311.1059.v1

Abstract

Studies show Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) influence on infant growth were conflicted. This study aims to determine the relationship between HMO profiles and weight growth indicators of infants ages 0-4 months in Indonesia. A prospective longitudinal study was conducted among 120 mother-infant pairs aged 0 – 4 months from the hospital and Public Health Center in Jakarta between August 2021 – May 2022. The gene analysis for the Secretor and Lewis status of the mother were performed by using targeted Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and Sanger at baseline. The HMO profiles (2'FL, LNFP I, LNT, LNnT, 3'SL, and 6'SL), breast milk calories, and fat were examined at 0, 2, and 4 months. Weight for age z-score, weight for length z-score, infection episode, and mother's body mass index were examined every month. Data were analyzed using Pearson or Spearman correlation test (correlation coefficient), general linear model for repeated measures ANOVA test and Friedman test (mean difference between and within groups, respectively) and logistic regression unadjusted OR (association between dependent and independent variables), with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant. Infants' weight velocities were higher among high LNT and 3'SL levels in the second month, and in high 2'FL and LNFP I mothers in the fourth month. HMO profile (2’FL, LNFP I, and LNT) of lactating mothers have a positive relationship with weight growth indicators, and innovative interventions to enhance HMO concentration among mothers should be considered as one of the ways to improve infant growth.

Keywords

human milk oligosaccharides; growth indicator; secretor status

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Dietetics and Nutrition

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