Water Extract of Desalted Salicornia europaea Inhibits RANKL-induced Osteoclast Differentiation and Prevents Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice

Jang, A.-R.; Lee, Y.-J.; Kim, D.-Y.; Lee, T.-S.; Jung, D.-H.; Kim, Y.-J.; Seo, I.-S.; Ahn, J.-H.; Song, E.-J.; Oh, J.; Li, A.; Song, S.; Kim, H.-S.; Kang, M.-J.; Seo, Y.; Cho, J.-Y.; Park, J.-H. Water Extract of Desalted Salicornia europaea Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation and Prevents Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice. Nutrients 2023, 15, 4968. Jang, A.-R.; Lee, Y.-J.; Kim, D.-Y.; Lee, T.-S.; Jung, D.-H.; Kim, Y.-J.; Seo, I.-S.; Ahn, J.-H.; Song, E.-J.; Oh, J.; Li, A.; Song, S.; Kim, H.-S.; Kang, M.-J.; Seo, Y.; Cho, J.-Y.; Park, J.-H. Water Extract of Desalted Salicornia europaea Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation and Prevents Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice. Nutrients 2023, 15, 4968.

Abstract

Osteoporosis, often linked to increased osteoclast activity due to menopause or aging, was the focus. In this study, the inhibitory effects of Salicornia europaea L. (SE) water extract of desalted SE (WSE) were investigated on osteoclast differentiation and bone loss in ovariectomized mice. The findings revealed that WSE effectively inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation, as evidenced by TRAP staining, and also suppressed bone resorption and F-actin ring formation in a dose-dependent manner. Gene expressions related to osteoclast differentiation, including NFATc1, TRAP, cathepsin K, and DC-STAMP, were downregulated by WSE. Oral administration of WSE improved bone density and structural parameters in ovariectomized mice. Dicaffeoyl quinic acids (DCQAs) and saponins in WSE were detected, with 3,4-, 3,5-, and 4,5-DCQA isolated and identified. All tested DCQAs, including the aforementioned types, inhibited osteoclast differentiation, bone resorption, and the expression of osteoclast-related genes. Furthermore, WSE and DCQAs reduced ROS production mediated by RANKL. These results indicate the potential of WSE and its components, DCQA, as preventive or therapeutic agents against osteoporosis and related conditions.

Keywords

Salicornia europaea; Dicaffeoylquinic acids; Bone loss; Osteoclast; Reactive oxygen

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Medicine and Pharmacology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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