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A peer-reviewed article of this preprint also exists.
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Submitted:
25 October 2023
Posted:
25 October 2023
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Country | % of available reclaimed asphalt re-use in hot and warm mix asphalt production (KRec) | , % | Rank (priority) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |||
Austria (AT) | 60 | 70 | 70 | 67 | 11 |
Belgium (BE) | 95 | 100 | 79 | 91 | 2 |
Croatia (HR) | no data | no data | 35 | 35 | 12 |
Czech Republic (CZ) | 14 | 12 | 14 | 13 | 17 |
Denmark (DK) | 66 | 68 | 70 | 68 | 10 |
Finland (FI) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 1 |
France (FR) | 70 | 73 | 75 | 73 | 6‒8 |
Germany (DE) | 84 | 82 | 82 | 83 | 5 |
Great Britain (GB) | half warm 90 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 14 |
Hungary (HU) | 95 | 70 | 98 | 88 | 4 |
Italy (IT) | 23 | no data | 25 | 24 | 15‒16 |
Netherlands (NL) | 71 | no data | no data | 71 | 9 |
Norway (NO) | 30 | 34 | 28 | 31 | 13 |
Romania (RO) | no data | no data | 0 | 0 | 19 |
Slovakia (SK) | 96 | 82 | 40 | 73 | 6‒8 |
Slovenia (SI) | 24 | 24 | 23 | 24 | 15‒16 |
Spain (ES) | 83 | 76 | 59.6 | 73 | 6‒8 |
Switzerland (CH) | no data | no data | 90 | 90 | 3 |
Turkey (TR) | 9 | 1 | 9 | 6 | 18 |
USA | 96 | 90.5 | 94.1 | 94 | (2) |
Importance level | Linguistic description |
---|---|
1 | Criteria are equally important |
3 | One criterion is slightly more important than the other |
5 | One criterion is much more important than the other |
7 | One criterion is much more important than the other |
9 | One criterion is incomparably more important than the other |
2, 4, 6, 8 | Intermediate values |
Matrix row m | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
Random index R.I. | 0.58 | 0.90 | 1.12 | 1.24 | 1.32 | 1.41 | 1.45 | 1.49 | 1.51 | 1.48 | 1.56 | 1.57 | 1.59 |
Expert j = 1, 2, ..., n |
Criterion, (i = 1, 2, ..., m) | Sum | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | ||
E1 | 9 | 5 | 8 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 10 | 6 | 1 | 55 |
E2 | 6 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 55 |
E3 | 8 | 6 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 55 |
E4 | 2 | 8 | 9 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 5 | 10 | 6 | 1 | 55 |
E5 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 1 | 10 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 55 |
E6 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 55 |
E7 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 1 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 55 |
E8 | 10 | 5 | 9 | 1 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 55 |
E9 | 8 | 6 | 9 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 55 |
E10 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 9 | 3 | 10 | 4 | 5 | 55 |
E11 | 8 | 10 | 9 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 55 |
E12 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 9 | 10 | 3 | 55 |
E13 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 8 | 5 | 10 | 7 | 6 | 55 |
E14 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 1 | 55 |
102 | 89 | 110 | 37 | 75 | 68 | 50 | 113 | 84 | 42 | 770 | |
7.286 | 6.357 | 7.857 | 2.643 | 5.357 | 4.857 | 3.571 | 8.072 | 6.000 | 3.000 | 55.000 | |
25 | 12 | 33 | -40 | -2 | -9 | -27 | 36 | 7 | -35 | 0 | |
625 | 144 | 1089 | 1600 | 4 | 81 | 729 | 1296 | 49 | 1225 | 6842 | |
ARTIW-L method | 0.0675 | 0.0844 | 0.0572 | 0.1519 | 0.1026 | 0.1117 | 0.1351 | 0.0532 | 0.0909 | 0.1455 | 1.0000 |
ui | 0.3628 | 0.4158 | 0.3364 | 1 | 0.4934 | 0.5442 | 0.7401 | 0.3274 | 0.4405 | 0.8810 | 5.5416 |
Priority | 8 | 7 | 9 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 55 |
ARTIW-N method | 0.0655 | 0.0750 | 0.0607 | 0.1804 | 0.0890 | 0.0982 | 0.1336 | 0.0591 | 0.0795 | 0.1590 | 1.0000 |
Priority | 8 | 7 | 9 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 55 |
2.2678 | 2.3074 | 2.2823 | 2.1342 | 2.7903 | 2.2138 | 1.9499 | 2.3358 | 2.4179 | 1.7974 | - |
Expert j = 1, 2, ..., n |
Criterion, (i = 1, 2, ..., m) | Sum | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | ||
E1 | 3 | 11 | 4 | 17 | 6 | 12 | 15 | 2 | 8 | 22 | 100 |
E2 | 8.5 | 12 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 9 | 20 | 12.5 | 7.5 | 9.5 | 100 |
E3 | 3.8 | 4.5 | 2 | 22 | 17 | 4.2 | 10 | 3.5 | 15 | 18 | 100 |
E4 | 15 | 6 | 4 | 12.5 | 8 | 13.5 | 11 | 3 | 9 | 18 | 100 |
E5 | 4 | 2 | 1.5 | 54 | 0.5 | 14 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 100 |
E6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 19 | 7.5 | 6.5 | 17 | 6 | 20 | 18 | 100 |
E7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 30 | 4 | 12 | 20 | 10 | 11 | 7 | 100 |
E8 | 3.5 | 11 | 2.5 | 18 | 9 | 14 | 12 | 4 | 10 | 16 | 100 |
E9 | 3 | 7 | 2 | 20 | 12 | 10 | 28 | 1 | 6 | 11 | 100 |
E10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 14 | 16 | 6 | 13 | 5 | 12 | 10 | 100 |
E11 | 7.5 | 5 | 6 | 14 | 10.5 | 12.5 | 11.5 | 8.5 | 9.5 | 15 | 100 |
E12 | 7 | 10 | 9 | 11 | 15 | 8 | 16 | 6 | 5 | 13 | 100 |
E13 | 6 | 15 | 16 | 11 | 13 | 7 | 10 | 5 | 8 | 9 | 100 |
E14 | 12 | 8 | 6 | 16 | 7 | 14 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 25 | 100 |
DPW method | 86.3 | 103.5 | 72 | 265.5 | 131.5 | 142.7 | 194.5 | 74.5 | 130 | 199.5 | 1400 |
6.1643 | 7.3929 | 5.1429 | 18.9643 | 9.3929 | 10.1929 | 13.8929 | 5.3214 | 9.2857 | 14.2500 | 100 | |
0.0616 | 0.0739 | 0.0515 | 0.1897 | 0.0939 | 0.1019 | 0.1389 | 0.0532 | 0.0929 | 0.1425 | 1.0000 | |
Priority | 8 | 7 | 10 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 9 | 6 | 2 | 55 |
Expert j = 1, 2, ..., n |
Criterion, (i = 1, 2, ..., m) | C. R. | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | ||
E1 | 0.0195 | 0.0791 | 0.0289 | 0.1900 | 0.0413 | 0.1204 | 0.1824 | 0.0128 | 0.0573 | 0.2683 | 0.054 |
E2 | 0.0598 | 0.1491 | 0.0418 | 0.0198 | 0.0150 | 0.0878 | 0.2883 | 0.1765 | 0.0297 | 0.1322 | 0.051 |
E3 | 0.0261 | 0.0458 | 0.0172 | 0.2714 | 0.1849 | 0.0322 | 0.0708 | 0.0187 | 0.0958 | 0.2371 | 0.040 |
E4 | 0.2184 | 0.0255 | 0.0180 | 0.1221 | 0.0391 | 0.1485 | 0.0853 | 0.0128 | 0.0546 | 0.2757 | 0.087 |
E5 | 0.0520 | 0.0232 | 0.0178 | 0.3440 | 0.0107 | 0.2106 | 0.1000 | 0.0339 | 0.0851 | 0.1227 | 0.099 |
E6 | 0.0204 | 0.0152 | 0.0120 | 0.2050 | 0.0718 | 0.0625 | 0.1410 | 0.0417 | 0.2758 | 0.1546 | 0.092 |
E7 | 0.0119 | 0.0168 | 0.0248 | 0.3113 | 0.0347 | 0.1522 | 0.2078 | 0.0863 | 0.1073 | 0.0469 | 0.105 |
E8 | 0.0135 | 0.0950 | 0.0195 | 0.2396 | 0.0404 | 0.1795 | 0.1344 | 0.0254 | 0.0604 | 0.1923 | 0.060 |
E9 | 0.0324 | 0.0588 | 0.0189 | 0.2144 | 0.1539 | 0.1059 | 0.2253 | 0.0135 | 0.0538 | 0.1231 | 0.058 |
E10 | 0.0508 | 0.0374 | 0.0342 | 0.2054 | 0.2498 | 0.0173 | 0.1567 | 0.0109 | 0.1404 | 0.0971 | 0.099 |
E11 | 0.0263 | 0.0149 | 0.0157 | 0.2333 | 0.0833 | 0.1552 | 0.1391 | 0.0386 | 0.0592 | 0.2344 | 0.081 |
E12 | 0.0262 | 0.0658 | 0.0657 | 0.1062 | 0.2322 | 0.0367 | 0.3031 | 0.0191 | 0.0146 | 0.1304 | 0.061 |
E13 | 0.0189 | 0.2621 | 0.2402 | 0.1114 | 0.1513 | 0.0294 | 0.0781 | 0.0142 | 0.0388 | 0.0556 | 0.053 |
E14 | 0.0898 | 0.0473 | 0.0369 | 0.2788 | 0.0473 | 0.1598 | 0.0223 | 0.0214 | 0.0174 | 0.2790 | 0.040 |
AHP method | 0.6660 | 0.9360 | 0.5916 | 2.8527 | 1.3557 | 1.4980 | 2.1346 | 0.5258 | 1.0902 | 2.3494 | 14.0000 |
0.0476 | 0.0668 | 0.0423 | 0.2038 | 0.0968 | 0.1070 | 0.1524 | 0.0376 | 0.0779 | 0.1678 | 1.0000 | |
Priority | 8 | 7 | 9 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 55 |
AHP method | 0.6660 | 0.9360 | 0.5916 | 2.8527 | 1.3557 | 1.4980 | 2.1346 | 0.5258 | 1.0902 | 2.3494 | 14.0000 |
Factor (criterion) i = 1, 2, ..., m | Method (k = 1, 2, ..., r) and weight | Priority | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ARTIW-L, |
ARTIW-N |
DPW |
AHP |
|||
A | 0.0675 | 0.0655 | 0.0616 | 0.0476 | 0.0605 | 8 |
B | 0.0844 | 0.0750 | 0.0739 | 0.0668 | 0.0750 | 7 |
C | 0.0572 | 0.0607 | 0.0515 | 0.0423 | 0.0529 | 9 |
D | 0.1519 | 0.1804 | 0.1897 | 0.2038 | 0.1815 | 1 |
E | 0.1026 | 0.0890 | 0.0939 | 0.0968 | 0.0956 | 5 |
F | 0.1117 | 0.0982 | 0.1019 | 0.1070 | 0.1047 | 4 |
G | 0.1351 | 0.1336 | 0.1389 | 0.1524 | 0.1400 | 3 |
H | 0.0532 | 0.0591 | 0.0532 | 0.0376 | 0.0508 | 10 |
I | 0.0909 | 0.0795 | 0.0929 | 0.0779 | 0.0853 | 6 |
J | 0.1455 | 0.1590 | 0.1425 | 0.1678 | 0.1537 | 2 |
Sum | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 55 |
Factor (criterion) | Standard deviation | Coefficient of variation, % | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 0.0605 | 0.0199 | 0.009660 | 0.008974 | 15.97 | 14.83 |
B | 0.0750 | 0.0176 | 0.008544 | 0.007230 | 11.39 | 9.64 |
C | 0.0529 | 0.0184 | 0.008932 | 0.008034 | 16.88 | 15.19 |
D | 0.1815 | 0.0519 | 0.025194 | 0.021923 | 13.88 | 12.08 |
E | 0.0956 | 0.0136 | 0.006602 | 0.005484 | 6.91 | 5.74 |
F | 0.1047 | 0.0135 | 0.006553 | 0.005899 | 6.26 | 5.63 |
G | 0.1400 | 0.0188 | 0.009126 | 0.008562 | 6.52 | 6.12 |
H | 0.0508 | 0.0215 | 0.010437 | 0.009213 | 20.55 | 18.14 |
I | 0.0853 | 0.0150 | 0.007282 | 0.007692 | 8.54 | 9.02 |
J | 0.1537 | 0.0253 | 0.012281 | 0.011826 | 7.99 | 7.69 |
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