Altmetrics
Downloads
134
Views
56
Comments
0
A peer-reviewed article of this preprint also exists.
This version is not peer-reviewed
Submitted:
24 October 2023
Posted:
26 October 2023
You are already at the latest version
Compound | Model and dose | Study findings | MASLD impact | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Animal studies | ||||
TH | ||||
T2 | Hepatocyte isolated from Wistar rats; 10-7 to 10-5 M | Reduction of acyl-CoA oxidase and peroxisomal β-oxidation | Reduction of hepatic lipid accumulation | [114] |
T2 | C57BL/6J mice; 2.5 µg/100g; ip | Increased fatty acid oxidation and decreased lipogenesis | Inhibition of fat accumulation in liver | [115] |
T2 | Male wistar rats; 25 µg/100g; ip |
Reduced hepatic fatty accumulation, enhanced fatty acid oxidation rate and carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity | Activates mitochondrial processes, reverses hepatic steatosis | [116] |
T2 | Rats injected with 25 µg/100g; ip |
Reduction in Serum TG and cholesterol | Prevents fatty liver by increasing fatty oxidation | [99] |
T3 | ob/ob mice; 25µg/100g; ip | Lowered body weight and fat, increased oxidative metabolism | Increased oxidative metabolism in brown adipose tissue and liver. | [104] |
T3 | Male wistar rats; 25µg/100g; ip | Promotes fatty acid peroxisomal and mitochondrial β-oxidation | Prevents hepatic fat accumulation by increasing β-oxidation | [43] |
T2 and T3 | Wistar rats; 25 and 2.5 µg/100g; ip | Increased CPT-1 levels | Lowering hepatic lipid content, induced autophagy and intra-hepatic acylcarnitine flux. | [117] |
T4 | Male C57BI/6J mice; | Decreased hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol | Reduce hepatosteatosis and prevent MASH progression. | [118] |
Thyroid hormome analogues | ||||
T3 and TRβ agonist GC-1 | Male fischer rats; 4 and 5 mg/kg; ip |
Marked fatty liver with mild hepatitis | Prevents fat accumulation by increasing mitochondrial and peroxisomal oxidation, complete regression of liver steatosis | [43] |
TRβ agonist GC-1 | Male sprague Dawley rats; 1µg/kg; oral gavage | Reduction in hepatic TG levels | Treatment of obesity and hypercholesterolemia | [105] |
MB07811 | Male sprague Dawley rats, ob/ob mice; 1 to 50 mg/kg; oral gavage |
Prevents hepatic steatosis, reduced plasma FFA and triglycerides | Increased hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation and mitochondrial respiration rates, as well as lower hepatic triglyceride levels and stimulation of CPT1α expression | [44] |
Resmetirom (MGL-3196) | C57BI/6J mice; 3mg/kg for 8 weeks by oral gavage |
Lower hepatic triglycerides, lipid peroxidation, steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis |
Improvement in systemic and hepatic metabolism | [119] |
VK2809 | GSDIa mouse model; 10mg/kg; Subcutaneously |
Restoring autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and β-oxidation of fatty acids | Reduced hepatic lipid accumulation | [110] |
GC-1 and KB-2115 | Male Sprague-Dawley rats; 164 and 100 µg/kg; ip |
Increased white adipose tissue lipolysis | Reduced hepatic steatosis | [120] |
TG68 | C57BL mice; 2.8mg/kg in drinking water |
Reduction in liver weight, hepatic steatosis and triglycerides. | Can be used in MASLD | [121] |
TRC150094 | Male wistar rats for 8 weeks; ip injection (0.750mg/100g b wgt | Reduction of Fat accumulation | Can be used in MASLD | [122] |
Clinical Trials | ||||
TH | ||||
MGL-3196 (Resmetirom) | 36 weeks randomized trial in patients with biopsy proven MASH with fibrosis given 80mg orally daily | Significant reduction of hepatic fat, liver enzymes, lipoprotein, inflammation and fibrosis. | Patients showed reduction of hepatic fat compared to placebo, adverse events were mild and moderate. | [123] |
2 weeks randomized trial with 0.25 to 200mg/day | Significant reduction of total cholesterol and triglycerides |
Safe and showed beneficial effect on lipid parameters. | [124] | |
KB2115 (eprotirome) |
5-day randomized trial in patients given 50 to 2000 µg orally daily |
Reduction in serum TC and LDL in overweight patients |
Reduced body weight | [111] |
VK2809 | 12-week study of low dose of 5 mg in patients |
Reduction in LDL levels | Improvements in liver fat content in patients with MASLD | [18] |
Levothyroxine (T4) | Patients with type 2 diabetes and steatosis given 18.75µg/day | Low dose T4 decreased lipid content in euthyroid male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. |
Safety and efficacy of TH therapy for MASLD in men | [84] |
DITPA | 8-week randomized trial in patients with dose from 90 till 360mg/d | Lowered serum cholesterol and decrease in triglycerides |
Reduced body weight | [125] |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated