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Impact of Voxel Normalization on Machine Learning-Based Method: A Study on Pulmonary Nodule Malignancy Diagnosis Using Low-Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT)
Hsiao, C.-C.; Peng, C.-H.; Wu, F.-Z.; Cheng, D.-C. Impact of Voxel Normalization on a Machine Learning-Based Method: A Study on Pulmonary Nodule Malignancy Diagnosis Using Low-Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT). Diagnostics2023, 13, 3690.
Hsiao, C.-C.; Peng, C.-H.; Wu, F.-Z.; Cheng, D.-C. Impact of Voxel Normalization on a Machine Learning-Based Method: A Study on Pulmonary Nodule Malignancy Diagnosis Using Low-Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT). Diagnostics 2023, 13, 3690.
Hsiao, C.-C.; Peng, C.-H.; Wu, F.-Z.; Cheng, D.-C. Impact of Voxel Normalization on a Machine Learning-Based Method: A Study on Pulmonary Nodule Malignancy Diagnosis Using Low-Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT). Diagnostics2023, 13, 3690.
Hsiao, C.-C.; Peng, C.-H.; Wu, F.-Z.; Cheng, D.-C. Impact of Voxel Normalization on a Machine Learning-Based Method: A Study on Pulmonary Nodule Malignancy Diagnosis Using Low-Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT). Diagnostics 2023, 13, 3690.
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) stands as the foremost cause of cancer-related fatality rates worldwide. Early diagnosis significantly enhances patient survival rate. Nowadays, low dose computed tomography (LDCT) is widely employed on chest as a tool for large-scale lung cancer screening. Nonetheless, a large amount of chest radiographs causes an onerous burden on radiologists. Some computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) tools can provide insights to medical images for diagnosis and augmenting diagnostic speed. However, due to variation in parameter settings across different patients, substantial discrepancies in image voxels persist. We find different voxel-size causing a compromise between model generalization and diagnostic efficacy. This study investigates the performance disparities of diagnostic models trained on original images and LDCT images reconstructed to different voxel-sizes but isotropic. The application is to differentiate a nodule to be benign or malignant. Using 11 features, a support vector machine (SVM) is trained on LDCT images with an isotropic voxel having side-length of 1.5 mm for 225 patients in house. The result yields a favorable model performance with an accuracy of 0.9596 and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC/AUC) of 0.9855. In addition to furnish CAD tools for clinical applications, future research is encouraged to include LDCT images from multi-centers.
Computer Science and Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
