José, M.V.; Morgado, E.R.; Bobadilla, J.R. Groups of Symmetries of the Two Classes of Synthetases in the Four-Dimensional Hypercubes of the Extended Code Type II. Life2023, 13, 2002.
José, M.V.; Morgado, E.R.; Bobadilla, J.R. Groups of Symmetries of the Two Classes of Synthetases in the Four-Dimensional Hypercubes of the Extended Code Type II. Life 2023, 13, 2002.
José, M.V.; Morgado, E.R.; Bobadilla, J.R. Groups of Symmetries of the Two Classes of Synthetases in the Four-Dimensional Hypercubes of the Extended Code Type II. Life2023, 13, 2002.
José, M.V.; Morgado, E.R.; Bobadilla, J.R. Groups of Symmetries of the Two Classes of Synthetases in the Four-Dimensional Hypercubes of the Extended Code Type II. Life 2023, 13, 2002.
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) originated from an ancestral bidirectional gene (mirror symmetry) and through the evolution of the genetic code the twenty aaRSs exhibit a symmetrical distribution in a 6-dimensional hypercube of the Standard Genetic Code. In this work, we assume a primeval RNY code, and the Extended Genetic RNA code type II which includes codons of the type YNY, YNR and RNR. Each of the 4 subsets of codons can be represented in a 4-dimensional hypercube. Altogether these 4 subcodes constitute the 6-dimensional representation of the SGC. We identify the aaRSs' symmetry groups in each of these hypercubes. We show that each of the four hypercubes contains the following sets of symmetries for the two known Classes of synthetases: RNY: dihedral group D2; YNY: binary group Z2; YNR: amplified octahedral group Oh; and RNR: binary group Z2. We demonstrate that for each hypercube, the group of symmetries of Class 1 is the same as the group of symmetries of Class 2. The biological implications of these findings are discussed.
Keywords
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases; Standard Genetic Code; Symmetry groups; Origin and evolution of the genetic code; Group Theory
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Life Sciences
Copyright:
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