Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Heavy Metal-Based Nanoparticles as High-Performance X-Ray Computed Tomography Contrast Agents

Version 1 : Received: 22 August 2023 / Approved: 22 August 2023 / Online: 23 August 2023 (07:54:09 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Ahmad, M.Y.; Liu, S.; Tegafaw, T.; Saidi, A.K.A.A.; Zhao, D.; Liu, Y.; Nam, S.-W.; Chang, Y.; Lee, G.H. Heavy Metal-Based Nanoparticles as High-Performance X-ray Computed Tomography Contrast Agents. Pharmaceuticals 2023, 16, 1463. Ahmad, M.Y.; Liu, S.; Tegafaw, T.; Saidi, A.K.A.A.; Zhao, D.; Liu, Y.; Nam, S.-W.; Chang, Y.; Lee, G.H. Heavy Metal-Based Nanoparticles as High-Performance X-ray Computed Tomography Contrast Agents. Pharmaceuticals 2023, 16, 1463.

Abstract

Contrast agents developed for X-ray computed tomography (CT) offer extremely valuable tools and techniques in diagnostics via contrast enhancements. Heavy metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) can provide high contrast in CT images. These result from a high density of heavy metal atoms with high X-ray attenuation coefficients that exceed that of iodine (I), which is currently used in hydrophilic organic CT contrast agents. Nontoxicity and colloidal stability are vital characteristics in designing heavy metal-based NPs as CT contrast agents. In addition, the particle size must be small for in vivo renal excretion. In vitro phantom imaging studies can provide X-ray attenuation efficiency, which is a critical parameter for CT contrast agents, and the imaging performance of CT contrast agents can be demonstrated via in vivo experiments. This review focuses on in vitro and in vivo studies of various heavy metal-based NPs (metal: Au, Pt, Pd, Ag, Ce, Gd, Dy, Ho, Yb, Ta, W, and Bi) and provides an outlook on their use as high-performance CT contrast agents.

Keywords

heavy metal-based nanoparticles; X-ray attenuation; contrast agents; in vitro phantom imaging; in vivo imaging

Subject

Chemistry and Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry

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