Review
Version 1
Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
Diagnostic Imaging in Infectious Keratitis: A Review
Version 1
: Received: 19 August 2023 / Approved: 21 August 2023 / Online: 21 August 2023 (11:43:27 CEST)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Cabrera-Aguas, M.; Watson, S.L. Updates in Diagnostic Imaging for Infectious Keratitis: A Review. Diagnostics 2023, 13, 3358. Cabrera-Aguas, M.; Watson, S.L. Updates in Diagnostic Imaging for Infectious Keratitis: A Review. Diagnostics 2023, 13, 3358.
Abstract
Infectious keratitis (IK) is among the top 5 leading causes of blindness globally. Early diagnosis is key to guide an appropriate therapy to avoid complications such as vision impairment and blindness. Culture of corneal scrapes is the initial diagnostic test to grow and identify the causal organism. Alternative diagnostic tools include imaging such as with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). OCT’s advantage is its ability to accurately determine the depth and extent of the corneal ulceration, infiltrates and haze; therefore, characterizing the severity and progression of the infection. However, it is not a preferred choice in the diagnostic tool package for infectious keratitis. IVCM is a great aid in the diagnosis of fungal and Acanthamoeba keratitis with overall sensitivities of 66-74% and 80-100%, and specificity of 78-100% and 84-100%, respectively. Recently the use of deep learning (DL) models in IK has been shown to aid diagnosis via image recognition. Most of the studies that have developed DL models to diagnose the different types of IK have utilised photographs from digital camaras, slit-lamp images, or IVCM images. Some studies have used extremely efficient single DL algorithms to train their models and others used ensemble approaches. This technology is likely to assist in the diagnosis of IK in some years. Further work is needed to examine and validate the clinical performance of the DL models in the real-world setting and to evaluate whether this technology improves patient clinical outcomes. The scope of this review was to provide a recent update on the diagnostic imaging tools in IK
Keywords
infectious keratitis; corneal imaging; in vivo confocal microscopy; optical coherence tomography; artificial intelligence; deep learning; microbial keratitis
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Ophthalmology
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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