Monsalve, F.A.; Delgado-López, F.; Fernández-Tapia, B.; González, D.R. Adipose Tissue, Non-Communicable Diseases, and Physical Exercise: An Imperfect Triangle. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2023, 24, 17168.
Monsalve, F.A.; Delgado-López, F.; Fernández-Tapia, B.; González, D.R. Adipose Tissue, Non-Communicable Diseases, and Physical Exercise: An Imperfect Triangle. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 17168.
Monsalve, F.A.; Delgado-López, F.; Fernández-Tapia, B.; González, D.R. Adipose Tissue, Non-Communicable Diseases, and Physical Exercise: An Imperfect Triangle. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2023, 24, 17168.
Monsalve, F.A.; Delgado-López, F.; Fernández-Tapia, B.; González, D.R. Adipose Tissue, Non-Communicable Diseases, and Physical Exercise: An Imperfect Triangle. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 17168.
Abstract
Adipose tissue has acquired considerable importance due to its role in maintaining body homeostasis. Beyond storing energy, adipose tissue is essential in numerous processes of energy metabolism, food intake, endocrine and immunological functions as well as neromodulatory functions by secreting hormones that participate in the regulation of homeostasis and being responsive to soluble proteins secreted by other tissues. An imbalance of these functions will generate structural and functional changes in the adipose tissue, favouring the secretion of deleterious adipocytokines that benefit a pro-inflammatory state, allowing the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Obesity is a disease that has increased rapidly in recent decades and is caused by environmental, hormonal, and genetic factors, which probably work in combination. Environmental factors that contribute to the increase in obesity include decreased physical activity, associated with increased screen time, increased accessibility and consumption of foods rich in fats and sugars. Weight loss should be recommended for all obese patients and overweight patients with comorbidities. For many patients who need to lose weight for medical reasons, the initial goal is to lose 5-10% of their body weight in the first 6 months. A common theme worldwide has been the development of professional guidelines for the control and treatment of obesity and in Chile, the Chilean Society of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery led the process of adopting the adult obesity clinical practice guideline, which establishes changes in the approach to managing obesity as a chronic disease, with an emphasis on multifactorial lifestyle interventions that include dietary changes, increased physical activity, and behavioural modifications. Pharmacotherapy, medical devices, and bariatric surgery are other options for patients who need additional interventions, so the objective of this review is to know the pathophysiological mechanisms of obesity from its origin to the current treatments available for treatment.
Medicine and Pharmacology, Endocrinology and Metabolism
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
