Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Dynamics of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in the Albanian Population: Impact of Infection and Vaccine-Induced Immunity during the COVID-19 Pandemic Year from August 2021 to August 2022

Genc Sulcebe
* ORCID logo ,
Alban Ylli
,
Fabian Cenko
,
Margarita Kurti-Prifti
,
Erkena Shyti
,
Jonida Dashi-Pasholli
,
Erina Lazri
,
Irena Seferi-Qendro
,
Melissa J. Perry
Version 1 : Received: 31 July 2023 / Approved: 1 August 2023 / Online: 2 August 2023 (10:10:13 CEST)

How to cite: Sulcebe, G.; Ylli, A.; Cenko, F.; Kurti-Prifti, M.; Shyti, E.; Dashi-Pasholli, J.; Lazri, E.; Seferi-Qendro, I.; Perry, M.J. Dynamics of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in the Albanian Population: Impact of Infection and Vaccine-Induced Immunity during the COVID-19 Pandemic Year from August 2021 to August 2022. Preprints 2023, 2023080151. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.0151.v1 Sulcebe, G.; Ylli, A.; Cenko, F.; Kurti-Prifti, M.; Shyti, E.; Dashi-Pasholli, J.; Lazri, E.; Seferi-Qendro, I.; Perry, M.J. Dynamics of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in the Albanian Population: Impact of Infection and Vaccine-Induced Immunity during the COVID-19 Pandemic Year from August 2021 to August 2022. Preprints 2023, 2023080151. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202308.0151.v1

Abstract

Understanding the dynamics of humoral immune responses throughout the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial for optimizing vaccine strategies. This study aimed to investigate the impact of infection and vaccine-induced immunity on the Albanian population from August 2021 to August 2022. Two independent samples from the Albanian general population were analyzed using an ELISA method to assess IgG class anti-Spike (S1) and anti-Nucleocapsid (N) SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The results revealed a robust immune response among vaccinated individuals with prior COVID-19 infection who received only one vaccine dose. In the 2022 cohort, most individuals who received one vaccine dose achieved comparable seropositivity and antibody levels to those who received two doses. However, individuals aged 61 and over required two or three vaccine doses to reach the same level of immune response as the younger population. Notably, the time elapsed since infection or vaccination did not significantly impact the immune response. These findings highlight the importance of hybrid immunity and suggest that one vaccine dose may be sufficient for most individuals with prior COVID-19 infection. However, additional doses are necessary for optimal protection in older individuals. This study provides unique insights into humoral immune response dynamics that can be used to refine ongoing COVID-19 population vaccination strategies for middle-income countries with low vaccination coverage.

Keywords

COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence; Vaccination Status; SARS-CoV-2; anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies; Albanian population

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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