Article
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Large Eddy Simulation of Utility-Scale Wind Farm Sited over Complex Terrain
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These authors contributed equally to the work.
Version 1
: Received: 9 July 2023 / Approved: 10 July 2023 / Online: 11 July 2023 (03:09:53 CEST)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Singh, J.; Alam, J.M. Large-Eddy Simulation of Utility-Scale Wind Farm Sited over Complex Terrain. Energies 2023, 16, 5941. Singh, J.; Alam, J.M. Large-Eddy Simulation of Utility-Scale Wind Farm Sited over Complex Terrain. Energies 2023, 16, 5941.
Abstract
Wind energy is a rapidly expanding renewable energy technique. Wind farm developers need to understand the interaction between wind farms and the atmospheric flow over complex terrain. Large-eddy simulations provide valuable data for gaining further insight into the impact of rough topography on wind-farm performance. In this research, we investigate the influence of spatial heterogeneity on wind turbine performance. We conducted numerical simulations of a 12×5 wind-turbine array on various rough topographies. First, we evaluated our LES method through mesh convergence analysis, using mean vertical profiles, vertical friction velocity, and resolved and subgrid-scale kinetic energy. Next, we analyze the effects of surface roughness and dispersive stresses on the performance of fully developed large wind farms. Our results demonstrate that the ground roughness element’s flow resistance boosts large wind-farm power production by almost 68% in fully aerodynamic rough surface compared to flat terrain. Dispersive stress analysis revealed that the primary degree of spatial heterogeneity in the wind farm is in the streamwise direction, which is the “wake-occupied” region, and the relative contribution of dispersive shear stress is almost 45% to the overall drag. We also observed that the power performance of the wind farm in complex terrain outperforms the drag. Our study has implications for improving the design of wind turbines and wind farms in complex terrain to increase their efficiency and energy output.
Keywords
Wind farm; complex-terrain; large eddy simulation; dispersive stress
Subject
Physical Sciences, Fluids and Plasmas Physics
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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