Version 1
: Received: 4 July 2023 / Approved: 5 July 2023 / Online: 5 July 2023 (12:31:08 CEST)
How to cite:
Vukčević, M.; Šerović, K.; Nikolić-Kokić, A.; Vujović, A.; Blagojević, D.; Jovanović, T.; Despot, D. Hybrid immunity after a natural infection and vaccination with Sinopharm [Vero Cell] - Inactivated COVID-19. Preprints2023, 2023070313. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.0313.v1
Vukčević, M.; Šerović, K.; Nikolić-Kokić, A.; Vujović, A.; Blagojević, D.; Jovanović, T.; Despot, D. Hybrid immunity after a natural infection and vaccination with Sinopharm [Vero Cell] - Inactivated COVID-19. Preprints 2023, 2023070313. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.0313.v1
Vukčević, M.; Šerović, K.; Nikolić-Kokić, A.; Vujović, A.; Blagojević, D.; Jovanović, T.; Despot, D. Hybrid immunity after a natural infection and vaccination with Sinopharm [Vero Cell] - Inactivated COVID-19. Preprints2023, 2023070313. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.0313.v1
APA Style
Vukčević, M., Šerović, K., Nikolić-Kokić, A., Vujović, A., Blagojević, D., Jovanović, T., & Despot, D. (2023). Hybrid immunity after a natural infection and vaccination with Sinopharm [Vero Cell] - Inactivated COVID-19. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.0313.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Vukčević, M., Tanja Jovanović and Dragana Despot. 2023 "Hybrid immunity after a natural infection and vaccination with Sinopharm [Vero Cell] - Inactivated COVID-19" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.0313.v1
Abstract
Several vaccines against COVID -19 have been developed and licenced to enhance the immune response against SARS-CoV-2. Similarly, infection with SARS-CoV-2 before vaccination has been shown to provide significant protection against severe infection and hospitalisation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three doses of Sinopharm vaccine and SARS-CoV-2 infection on the specific immune response in 103 volunteers, measuring neutralizing antibodies, anti-S1 IgG, anti-RBD IgM, anti-N IgM, anti-N IgG antibodies and interferon γ. Our results showed that the presence of cardiovascular diseases increased the level of anti-N-IgG antibodies, while endocrinological diseases decreased the level of neutralizing antibodies and anti-N-IgG antibodies, suggesting that these diseases alter the effect of vaccine immunity. In addition, there was a significant decrease in anti-S1 IgG levels 6 months and in anti-N IgG levels 18 months post-infection, while neutralizing antibody and interferon γ levels were constant at 3, 6 and 18 months post-infection. Therefore, our results confirm the importance of hybrid immunity as the strongest and most durable compared to exclusively natural or vaccine-induced immunity. Significant positive correlations were found between humoral and cellular immunity markers: neutralizing antibodies, anti-S1 IgG, anti-N IgG and interferon γ, indicating a unique coordinated response specific to COVID-19.
Medicine and Pharmacology, Medicine and Pharmacology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.