Bait-Suwailam, M.M. Towards Monitoring and Identification of Red Palm Weevil Gender Using Microwave CSRR-Loaded TL Sensors. Sensors2023, 23, 6798.
Bait-Suwailam, M.M. Towards Monitoring and Identification of Red Palm Weevil Gender Using Microwave CSRR-Loaded TL Sensors. Sensors 2023, 23, 6798.
Bait-Suwailam, M.M. Towards Monitoring and Identification of Red Palm Weevil Gender Using Microwave CSRR-Loaded TL Sensors. Sensors2023, 23, 6798.
Bait-Suwailam, M.M. Towards Monitoring and Identification of Red Palm Weevil Gender Using Microwave CSRR-Loaded TL Sensors. Sensors 2023, 23, 6798.
Abstract
This paper presents for the first time the design of a microwave sensing setup for the potential monitoring and identification of red palm weevil (RPW) gender type. The microwave sensor consists of a planar two-port transmission line (TL) with a single complementary split-ring resonant (CSRR) inclusion etched from the bottom metallic layer. The CSRR sensor is placed on top of a customized non-conductive container. The microwave sensing setup has been designed, numerically demonstrated, fabricated and tested experimentally. Simulated results correlate quite well with the experimental data. Moreover, the sensitivity of the CSRR sensor when in close proximity to different RPW gender has been evaluated both numerically and experimentally. Based on the measured results from 15 RPW collected samples with different body sizes, different RPW gender types showed unique microwave signatures. Notable shift to the sensor's resonance frequency has been achieved, where on average a resonant frequency shift of 10% for adult RPWs was achieved, while 2.4% frequency change was obtained for larvae (young) RPWs. Hence, the proposed microwave sensing setup can be adopted in field trials to examine and differentiate between various RPW genders at various development stages.
Keywords
Date palm; CSRR; metamaterials; microwave sensor; red palm weevil
Subject
Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
