Alam, A.; Nikolopoulos, D.; Wang, N. Fractal Patterns in Groundwater Radon Disturbances Prior to the Great 7.9 Mw Wenchuan Earthquake, China. Geosciences2023, 13, 268.
Alam, A.; Nikolopoulos, D.; Wang, N. Fractal Patterns in Groundwater Radon Disturbances Prior to the Great 7.9 Mw Wenchuan Earthquake, China. Geosciences 2023, 13, 268.
Alam, A.; Nikolopoulos, D.; Wang, N. Fractal Patterns in Groundwater Radon Disturbances Prior to the Great 7.9 Mw Wenchuan Earthquake, China. Geosciences2023, 13, 268.
Alam, A.; Nikolopoulos, D.; Wang, N. Fractal Patterns in Groundwater Radon Disturbances Prior to the Great 7.9 Mw Wenchuan Earthquake, China. Geosciences 2023, 13, 268.
Abstract
This study reports fractal analysis of one-year radon in groundwater disturbances from five stations in China amid the catastrophic Wenchuan (Mw=7.9) earthquake of May 12, 2008 (day 133). Five techniques are used (DFA, fractal dimensions with Higuchi, Katz, Sevcik methods, power-law analysis) in segmented portions glided throughout each signal. Noteworthy fractal areas are outlined in the KDS, GS, MSS station data, while the portions were non-significant for PZHS and SPS. Up to day 133 critical epoch DFA-exponents have 1.5<=a<2.0 with several above 1.8. Fractal dimensions exhibit Katz’s D around 1.0-1.2, Higuchi’s D between 1.5-2.0 and Sevcik’s D between 1.0-1.5. Several power-law exponents are above 1.7 and numerous above 2.0. All fractal results of KDS-GS-MSS stations are further analysed using a novel computerised methodology which locates the exact out-of-threshold fractal areas and combines the outcomes of different methods per five, four, three, and two (maximum 13 combinations) versus nineteen Mw<=5.5 earthquakes of the area. Most different-technique coincidences are before the great Wenchuan earthquake and its post-earthquakes. This is not only with one method, but with 13 different methods. Other interpretations are also discussed.
Environmental and Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Geology
Copyright:
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