Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

The Awareness and Use of Low-Sodium Salt Substitutes and Its Impact to 24-H Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion in China – A Cross-sectional Study

Puhong Zhang
ORCID logo ,
Fang Fan
,
Yinghua Li
* ,
Yuan Li
ORCID logo ,
Rong Luo
,
Li Li
,
Gang Zhang
,
Lanlan Wang
,
Xiaofei Jiao
,
Feng J He
ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 12 June 2023 / Approved: 12 June 2023 / Online: 12 June 2023 (07:51:47 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Zhang, P.; Fan, F.; Li, Y.; Li, Y.; Luo, R.; Li, L.; Zhang, G.; Wang, L.; Jiao, X.; He, F.J. Awareness and Use of Low-Sodium Salt Substitutes and Its Impact on 24-h Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion in China—A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2023, 15, 3000. Zhang, P.; Fan, F.; Li, Y.; Li, Y.; Luo, R.; Li, L.; Zhang, G.; Wang, L.; Jiao, X.; He, F.J. Awareness and Use of Low-Sodium Salt Substitutes and Its Impact on 24-h Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion in China—A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2023, 15, 3000.

Abstract

Low-sodium salt substitute (LSSS) has the potential in regulating sodium and potassium intake and has been available in China market for years. However, its real-world use and impact to sodium\potassium intake is unclear. Baseline data of 4000 adult participants who participated in three similar-designed randomized controlled trails were pooled together for this study. Self-reported awareness and use of LSSS were collected using the uniform questionnaire, and the 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion was used to estimate their dietary intake. Mixed-effects models were developed to assess the relationship between LSSS and 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion. 32.0% of the participants reported awareness of LSSS and 11.7% reported its current use. After adjusting location, sex, age, and education, compared with the group of participants unaware of LSSS, participants who were aware but not using LSSS and those who were using LSSS had a lower 24-h urinary sodium excretion by –356.1(95% CI: –503.9, –205.9) mg/d and –490.6(95% CI: –679.2, –293.7), respectively (p<0.001). No significant difference was found for 24-h urinary potassium excretion and sodium-to-potassium ratio among the three groups (p>0.05). In conclusion, although associated with lower sodium intake, the awareness and real-world use of LSSS are still very low in China.

Keywords

low-sodium salt substitutes (LSSS); 24-h urinary sodium excretion; 24-h urinary potassium excretion; sodium-to-potassium ratio

Subject

Public Health and Healthcare, Public Health and Health Services

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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