Yan, Q.; Tong, J.; Li, S.; Peng, Q. Barnyard Grass Stress Triggers Changes in Root Traits and Phytohormone Levels in Allelopathic and Non-Allelopathic Rice. Biology2023, 12, 1074.
Yan, Q.; Tong, J.; Li, S.; Peng, Q. Barnyard Grass Stress Triggers Changes in Root Traits and Phytohormone Levels in Allelopathic and Non-Allelopathic Rice. Biology 2023, 12, 1074.
Yan, Q.; Tong, J.; Li, S.; Peng, Q. Barnyard Grass Stress Triggers Changes in Root Traits and Phytohormone Levels in Allelopathic and Non-Allelopathic Rice. Biology2023, 12, 1074.
Yan, Q.; Tong, J.; Li, S.; Peng, Q. Barnyard Grass Stress Triggers Changes in Root Traits and Phytohormone Levels in Allelopathic and Non-Allelopathic Rice. Biology 2023, 12, 1074.
Abstract
Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa spp.) is a prevalent type of weed in rice fields worldwide. Despite the growing knowledge concerning allelopathic interference with barnyardgrass, little is understood regarding the competitive mechanisms between allelopathic rice and herbicide-resistant barnyardgrass at the plant physiological level. In this context, a hydroponic system was employed to investigate the root morphological traits and different phytohormones levels of two rice cultivars, i.e., the allelopathic rice cultivar “PI312777” (PI) and the non-allelopathic rice cultivar “Lemont” (LE), when co-planted with quinclorac-resistant and -susceptible barnyardgrass, respectively. The results showed that the shoot and root biomass were greater in the allelopathic rice cultivar. Moreover, the treatments at the two time points induced an increase in shoot and root biomass of PI when subjected to barnyardgrass stress. In terms of root morphology, PI exhibited significantly higher fine-root length in diameters <0.5 mm, a greater number of root tips, and longer root tips compared to LE. In addition, the levels of different plant hormones, including auxin (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA), known for their diverse adaptation strategies to biotic stress, were analysed. The response to quinclorac-resistant barnyardgrass stress was consistent in terms of the content of well-known stress-related hormones, namely SA and JA. The accumulation of SA and JA was observed in both rice cultivars under the stress of quinclorac-resistant barnyardgrass, with higher contents of these hormones in PI than that in LE. The most significant change was observed in IAA and ABA contents in rice, which decreased significantly from 7 days to 14 days under co-culture stress. Additionally, PI contained higher levels of IAA and ABA than LE in the presence of barnyardgrass stress. This research may aid in the development of strategies for reducing the environmental impact of herbicides through the prudent selection of non-chemical herbicide control tactics.
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