Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Development of a Lux Meter for the Identification of Liquids in Post-Consumer Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles for Collection Centers in Mexico

L. Ángeles-Hurtado
‡ ORCID logo ,
Juvenal Rodríguez
*,‡ ORCID logo ,
Hilda Romero-Zepeda
‡ ,
H. Torres-Salinas
‡ ORCID logo ,
R. García-Martínez
‡ ORCID logo ,
Silvia Salas-Aguilar
‡ ORCID logo
‡
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Version 1 : Received: 1 June 2023 / Approved: 2 June 2023 / Online: 2 June 2023 (07:12:08 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Ángeles-Hurtado, L.; Rodríguez-Reséndiz, J.; Romero Zepeda, H.; Torres-Salinas, H.; García-Martínez, J.R.; Salas-Aguilar, S.P. Development of a Lux Meter for the Identification of Liquids in Post-Consumer Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles for Collection Centers in Mexico. Processes 2023, 11, 1963. Ángeles-Hurtado, L.; Rodríguez-Reséndiz, J.; Romero Zepeda, H.; Torres-Salinas, H.; García-Martínez, J.R.; Salas-Aguilar, S.P. Development of a Lux Meter for the Identification of Liquids in Post-Consumer Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles for Collection Centers in Mexico. Processes 2023, 11, 1963.

Abstract

This article seeks to strengthen efforts in technological developments based on the classification of PET plastic that positively impacts sustainable development and contributes to suitable solutions in collection centers in Mexico. Three experiment designs and machine learning tools for data processing were developed. For the experimentation, three factors were considered: the bottle's size, the amount of liquids inside the bottle, and the label on the bottle. The first experiment was to identify the distance of the sensor from post-consumer PET bottles. The second experiment was to determine the detection ability of the sensor with different levels of liquids inside the bottles, and the third was to determine the detection ability on the bottle labels. A digital lux meter on a microcontroller was developed to monitor illuminance on post-consumer PET plastic when it contains liquid as it passes through a conveyor belt for processing at an average rate of three bottles per second. With the implemented methodology, liquids were satisfactorily detected inside the transparent PET bottles when they had beverages between 25% and 100% of their capacity. Finally, this paper highlights that it is possible to implement an affordable design to identify bottles with liquids for collection centers.

Keywords

PET; recycling; lux meter; classification; ANOVA; machine learning; automation; illuminance; municipal solid waste

Subject

Engineering, Control and Systems Engineering

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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