Segovia-Cardozo, D.A.; Bernal-Basurco, C.; Rodríguez-Sinobas, L. Tipping Bucket Rain Gauges in Hydrological Research: Summary on Measurement Uncertainties, Calibration and Error Reduction Strategies. Preprints2023, 2023052157. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202305.2157.v1
APA Style
Segovia-Cardozo, D.A., Bernal-Basurco, C., & Rodríguez-Sinobas, L. (2023). Tipping Bucket Rain Gauges in Hydrological Research: Summary on Measurement Uncertainties, Calibration and Error Reduction Strategies. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202305.2157.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Segovia-Cardozo, D.A., Carlota Bernal-Basurco and Leonor Rodríguez-Sinobas. 2023 "Tipping Bucket Rain Gauges in Hydrological Research: Summary on Measurement Uncertainties, Calibration and Error Reduction Strategies" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202305.2157.v1
Abstract
Tipping bucket rain gauges (TBRs) have been, and apparently will continue to be one of the most widely used pieces of equipment for rainfall monitoring, being frequently used for the calibration, validation and downscaling of radar and remote sensing data, due to their major advantages–low cost, simplicity, and low energy consumption. Thus, many works have focused and continue to focus on their main disadvantage–measurement biases (mainly in wind and mechanical underestimations). However, despite arduous scientific effort, calibration methodologies are not frequently implemented by monitoring networks operators or data users, propagating bias in databases and in the different applications of such data, causing uncertainty in the modeling, management, and forecasting in hydrological research, mainly due to a lack of knowledge. Within this context, this work presents a review of the scientific advances in TBR measurement uncertainties, calibration, and error reduction strategies from a hydrological point of view, by describing different rainfall monitoring techniques in Section 2, summarizing TBR measurement uncertainties in Section 3, focusing on calibration, and error reduction strategies in Section 4, a discussion and perspectives in Section 5, and conclusions in Section 6, providing an overview of the of the state of the art and future perspectives of the technology.
Environmental and Earth Sciences, Environmental Science
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
