Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Amphetamine-Related Fatalities and Altered Brain Chemicals: A Preliminary Investigation using the Comparative Toxicogenomic Database

Murad Tumayhi
,
David Banji
* ,
Ibrahim Khardali
,
Otilia Banji
,
Saeed Alshahrani
ORCID logo ,
Saad Alqahtani
ORCID logo ,
Safiah Muqri
,
Amal Abdullah
,
Wedad Sherwani
,
Ibraheem Attafi
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 3 May 2023 / Approved: 4 May 2023 / Online: 4 May 2023 (13:28:44 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Tumayhi, M.; Banji, D.; Khardali, I.; Banji, O.J.F.; Alshahrani, S.; Alqahtani, S.S.; Muqri, S.; Abdullah, A.; Sherwani, W.; Attafi, I. Amphetamine-Related Fatalities and Altered Brain Chemicals: A Preliminary Investigation Using the Comparative Toxicogenomic Database. Molecules 2023, 28, 4787. Tumayhi, M.; Banji, D.; Khardali, I.; Banji, O.J.F.; Alshahrani, S.; Alqahtani, S.S.; Muqri, S.; Abdullah, A.; Sherwani, W.; Attafi, I. Amphetamine-Related Fatalities and Altered Brain Chemicals: A Preliminary Investigation Using the Comparative Toxicogenomic Database. Molecules 2023, 28, 4787.

Abstract

Amphetamine is a psychostimulant drug with a high risk of toxicity and death when misused. Abuse of amphetamines is associated with an altered organic profile, which includes omega fatty acids. Low omega fatty acid levels are linked to mental disorders. Using the Comparative Toxicogenomic Database (CTD), we investigated the chemical profile of the brain in amphetamine-related fatalities and the possibility of neurotoxicity. We classified amphetamine cases as low (0-0.5 g/ml), medium (>0.5 to 1.5 g/ml), and high (>1.5 g/ml) based on amphetamine levels in brain samples. All three groups shared 1-octadecene, 1-tridecene, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosane, and oleylamide. We identified chemical-disease associations using the CTD tools and predict an association between docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids and curated conditions like autistic disorder, disorders related to cocaine, Alzheimer's disease, and cognitive dysfunction. An amphetamine challenge may cause neurotoxicity in the human brain due to a decrease in omega-3 fatty acids and an increase in oxidative products. Therefore, in cases of amphetamine toxicity, supplement therapy may necessitate preventing omega-3 fatty acid deficiency.

Keywords

forensic toxicology; amphetamine-related fatalities; brain; omega-3 fatty acids; docosahexaenoic acid; Comparative Toxicogenomic Database (CTD)

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Pharmacology and Toxicology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Download PDF

Comments (0)

We encourage comments and feedback from a broad range of readers. See criteria for comments and our Diversity statement.

Leave a public comment
Send a private comment to the author(s)
* All users must log in before leaving a comment
Views 0
Downloads 0
Comments 0
Metrics 0
Get PDF Cite Share 0
Bookmark BibSonomy Mendeley Reddit Delicious
×
Alerts
Notify me about updates to this article or when a peer-reviewed version is published.
We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience.
Read more about our cookies here.