Zualkernan, I.; Abuhani, D.A.; Hussain, M.H.; Khan, J.; ElMohandes, M. Machine Learning for Precision Agriculture Using Imagery from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): A Survey. Drones2023, 7, 382.
Zualkernan, I.; Abuhani, D.A.; Hussain, M.H.; Khan, J.; ElMohandes, M. Machine Learning for Precision Agriculture Using Imagery from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): A Survey. Drones 2023, 7, 382.
Zualkernan, I.; Abuhani, D.A.; Hussain, M.H.; Khan, J.; ElMohandes, M. Machine Learning for Precision Agriculture Using Imagery from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): A Survey. Drones2023, 7, 382.
Zualkernan, I.; Abuhani, D.A.; Hussain, M.H.; Khan, J.; ElMohandes, M. Machine Learning for Precision Agriculture Using Imagery from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): A Survey. Drones 2023, 7, 382.
Abstract
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are increasingly being used in a variety of domains and precision agriculture is no exception. Precision agriculture is the future of agriculture and will play a key role in long-term sustainability of agricultural practices. This paper presents a survey of how image data collected using UAVs has been used in conjunction with ma-chine learning techniques to support precision agriculture. Numerous agricultural applications including classification of crop types and trees, crops detection, weed detection, cropland cover, and segmentation of farming fields are discussed. A variety of supervised, semi-supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques for image-based preci-sion agriculture are compared. The survey showed that for traditional machine learning approaches, Random Forests performed better than Support Vector Machines (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm (KNN) for crop/weed classification. And, while Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have been used extensively, the U-Net-based models out-performed conventional CNN models for classification and segmentation tasks. Among the Single Stage Detectors (SSD), YOLO series performed relatively well. Two-Stage Detectors like R-CNN, FPN, and Mask R-CNN generally tended to outperform SSDs. Vision Trans-formers (ViT) showed promising results amongst transformer-based models which did not generally perform better than CNNs. Finally, Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have been used to address the problem of smaller datasets and unbalanced data
Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
