Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

In-Vitro Characterization of chIFITMs of Aseel and Kadaknath Chicken Breeds Against Newcastle Disease Virus Infection

Muthusamy Malarmathi
* ORCID logo ,
Murali Nagarajan
,
SELVARAJU MANI
,
Sivakumar Karuppusamy
,
Gowthaman Vasudevan
,
Raghavendran Balasubramanian Vadivel
,
Raja Angamuthu
,
Sunday O Peters
ORCID logo ,
Aranganoor Kannan Thiruvenkadan
*
Version 1 : Received: 27 April 2023 / Approved: 28 April 2023 / Online: 28 April 2023 (12:52:07 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Malarmathi, M.; Murali, N.; Selvaraju, M.; Sivakumar, K.; Gowthaman, V.; Raghavendran, V.B.; Raja, A.; Peters, S.O.; Thiruvenkadan, A.K. In Vitro Characterization of chIFITMs of Aseel and Kadaknath Chicken Breeds against Newcastle Disease Virus Infection. Biology 2023, 12, 919. Malarmathi, M.; Murali, N.; Selvaraju, M.; Sivakumar, K.; Gowthaman, V.; Raghavendran, V.B.; Raja, A.; Peters, S.O.; Thiruvenkadan, A.K. In Vitro Characterization of chIFITMs of Aseel and Kadaknath Chicken Breeds against Newcastle Disease Virus Infection. Biology 2023, 12, 919.

Abstract

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious and usually causes severe illness that affects Aves all over the world, including domestic poultry. Depending on the virus's virulence, it can impact the nervous, respiratory, and digestive systems and causes up to 100% mortality. The chIFITM genes are activated in response to viral infection. The current study was conducted to quantify the mRNA of chIFITM genes in vitro in response to ND viral infection. It also examined its ability to inhibit ND virus replication in Chicken Embryo Fibroblast (CEF) cells of Aseel and Kadaknath breeds. Results from the study showed that the expression of all chIFITM genes was significantly upregulated throughout the period in the infected CEF cells of both breeds compared to uninfected CEF cells. In CEF cells of the Kadaknath breed, elevated levels of expression of the chIFITM3 gene dramatically reduced the ND viral growth and the viral load was 60% lower than in CEF cells of the Aseel breed. The expression level of the chIFITMs in Kadaknath ranged from 2.39 to 11.68 log2 folds higher than that of control CEFs, and was consistently (p<0.01) higher than Aseel CEFs. Similar to this, IFN-γ gene expresses strongly quickly and peaks at 13.9 log2 fold at 48 hpi. The result suggests that the Kadaknath chicken breed may have a higher level of disease tolerance compared to the Aseel chicken.

Keywords

ISG; IFITM gene; Mx; Interferon; CEF; Aseel; Kadaknath; Newcastle disease; viral load

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Zoology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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