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Development and Validation of Correlation Charts to Predict the Undisturbed Ground Temperature of Pakistan; a Step Toward Potential Geothermal Energy Exploration
Ali, T.; Haider, W.; Haziq, M.; Khan, M.O.; Hussain, A. The Development and Validation of Correlation Charts to Predict the Undisturbed Ground Temperature of Pakistan: A Step towards Potential Geothermal Energy Exploration. Eng2023, 4, 1837-1850.
Ali, T.; Haider, W.; Haziq, M.; Khan, M.O.; Hussain, A. The Development and Validation of Correlation Charts to Predict the Undisturbed Ground Temperature of Pakistan: A Step towards Potential Geothermal Energy Exploration. Eng 2023, 4, 1837-1850.
Ali, T.; Haider, W.; Haziq, M.; Khan, M.O.; Hussain, A. The Development and Validation of Correlation Charts to Predict the Undisturbed Ground Temperature of Pakistan: A Step towards Potential Geothermal Energy Exploration. Eng2023, 4, 1837-1850.
Ali, T.; Haider, W.; Haziq, M.; Khan, M.O.; Hussain, A. The Development and Validation of Correlation Charts to Predict the Undisturbed Ground Temperature of Pakistan: A Step towards Potential Geothermal Energy Exploration. Eng 2023, 4, 1837-1850.
Abstract
Pakistan relies mostly on fossil fuel for fulfilling its energy demand which is expensive as 11 well as not friendly for the environment. The need of the hour is to shift from fossil fuels to renew-12 able energy resources like geothermal, wind, solar etc. to cater for global warming issues. Pakistan 13 has a lot of potential geothermal sites because of several fault lines and hot springs. A sound 14 knowledge of ground temperature is essential to use geothermal energy, which is obtained by drill-15 ing boreholes and putting sensors making it an expensive procedure. Thus, to avoid huge cost for 16 drilling bore holes, particularly for ground temperature analysis, a numerical approach has been 17 considered for determining ground temperature. Furthermore, correlation charts between air and 18 ground temperatures have been developed as there were no proper studies on the ground temper-19 ature of Pakistan. Then, with the help of a boreholes drilled in National University of Sciences and 20 Technology Islamabad Pakistan, the actual ground and numerically calculated temperatures have 21 been compared which shows an error margin in the range between 0.27% for higher depths to 7.3% 22 near surface. Thus, it is shown that the proposed method is easy to implement and better than large 23 scale testing methods for the depths at which geothermal energy is extracted.
Keywords
Geothermal Energy, Ground Temperature, Correlation Chart, Soil Types, Temperature Equation
Subject
Engineering, Civil Engineering
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
