Review
Version 1
Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
Helicobacter Pylori and Its Role in Gastric Cancer
Version 1
: Received: 18 April 2023 / Approved: 19 April 2023 / Online: 19 April 2023 (07:14:39 CEST)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Reyes, V.E. Helicobacter pylori and Its Role in Gastric Cancer. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 1312. Reyes, V.E. Helicobacter pylori and Its Role in Gastric Cancer. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 1312.
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a challenging public health concern worldwide and remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The primary risk factor implicated in gastric cancer development is infection with Helicobacter pylori. H. pylori induces chronic inflammation affecting the gastric epithelium, which can lead to DNA damage and promotion of precancerous lesions. Disease manifestations associated with H. pylori are attributed to virulence factors with multiple activities and its capacity to subvert host immunity. One of the most significant H. pylori virulence determinants is the cagPAI gene cluster, which encodes a type IV secretion system and the CagA toxin. This secretion system allows H. pylori to inject the CagA oncoprotein into host cells, causing multiple cellular perturbations. Despite the high prevalence of H. pylori infection, only a small percentage of affected individuals develop significant clinical outcomes, while most remain asymptomatic. Therefore, understanding how H. pylori triggers carcinogenesis and its immune evasion mechanisms is critical in preventing gastric cancer and miti-gating the burden of this life-threatening disease. This review aims to provide an overview of our current under-standing of H. pylori infection, its association with gastric cancer and other gastric diseases, and how it subverts the host immune system to establish persistent infection.
Keywords
Gastric Cancer; Helicobacter pylori; cag Pathogenicity Island; Cytotoxin-Associated Gene A; Oncoprotein; Vacuolating Toxin A; Immune Evasion
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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