Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

From Cell to Symptoms: The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Cytopathic Effects in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 and Long COVID

Pablo Gonzalez-Garcia
ORCID logo ,
Ornella Fiorillo Moreno
ORCID logo ,
Eloina Zarate Peñate
,
Alejandro Calderón-Villalba
,
Lisandro Pacheco Lugo
,
Antonio Acosta Hoyos
,
Jose Luis Villarreal Camacho
,
Roberto Navarro Quiroz
ORCID logo ,
Leonardo Pacheco Londoño
,
Gustavo Aroca Martinez
,
Noelia Moares
,
Antonio Gabucio
,
Cecilia Fernandez-Ponce
ORCID logo ,
Francisco Garcia-Cozar
ORCID logo ,
Elkin Navarro Quiroz
*
Version 1 : Received: 28 March 2023 / Approved: 30 March 2023 / Online: 30 March 2023 (05:09:50 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Gonzalez-Garcia, P.; Fiorillo Moreno, O.; Zarate Peñata, E.; Calderon-Villalba, A.; Pacheco Lugo, L.; Acosta Hoyos, A.; Villarreal Camacho, J.L.; Navarro Quiroz, R.; Pacheco Londoño, L.; Aroca Martinez, G.; Moares, N.; Gabucio, A.; Fernandez-Ponce, C.; Garcia-Cozar, F.; Navarro Quiroz, E. From Cell to Symptoms: The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Cytopathic Effects in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 and Long COVID. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 8290. Gonzalez-Garcia, P.; Fiorillo Moreno, O.; Zarate Peñata, E.; Calderon-Villalba, A.; Pacheco Lugo, L.; Acosta Hoyos, A.; Villarreal Camacho, J.L.; Navarro Quiroz, R.; Pacheco Londoño, L.; Aroca Martinez, G.; Moares, N.; Gabucio, A.; Fernandez-Ponce, C.; Garcia-Cozar, F.; Navarro Quiroz, E. From Cell to Symptoms: The Role of SARS-CoV-2 Cytopathic Effects in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 and Long COVID. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 8290.

Abstract

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection triggers various events from molecular to tissue level, which in turn is given by the intrinsic characteristics of each patient. Given the molecular diversity characteristic of each cellular phenotype, the possible cytopathic, tissue and clinical effects are difficult to predict, which determines the heterogeneity of COVID-19 symptoms. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the cytopathic effects of SARS-CoV-2 on various cell types, focusing on the development of COVID-19, which in turn may lead, in some patients, to a persistence of symptoms after recovery from the disease, a condition known as long COVID. We describe the molecular mechanisms underlying virus-host interactions, including alterations in protein expression, intracellular signaling pathways, and immune responses. In particular, the article highlights the potential impact of these cytopathies on cellular function and clinical outcomes, such as immune dysregulation, neuropsychiatric disorders, and organ damage. The article concludes by discussing future directions for research and implications for the management and treatment of COVID-19 and Long-COVID.

Keywords

COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Long COVID; Cytopathy; cytokine storm; sequelae; PASC; coronavirus; angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; cell dysfunction

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Download PDF

Comments (0)

We encourage comments and feedback from a broad range of readers. See criteria for comments and our Diversity statement.

Leave a public comment
Send a private comment to the author(s)
* All users must log in before leaving a comment
Views 0
Downloads 0
Comments 0
Metrics 0
Get PDF Cite Share 0
Bookmark BibSonomy Mendeley Reddit Delicious
×
Alerts
Notify me about updates to this article or when a peer-reviewed version is published.
We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience.
Read more about our cookies here.