Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Analysis of Adaptive Algorithms Based on Least-Mean-Square Applied to Hand Tremors Suppression Control

Rafael Silfarney Alves Araújo
ORCID logo ,
Jessica Cristina Tironi
,
Wemerson Delcio Parreira
* ORCID logo ,
Renata Coelho Borges
,
Juan Francisco De Paz Santana
* ORCID logo ,
Valderi Reis Quietinho Leithardt
*
Version 1 : Received: 3 February 2023 / Approved: 6 February 2023 / Online: 6 February 2023 (09:09:01 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Araújo, R.S.A.; Tironi, J.C.; Parreira, W.D.; Borges, R.C.; De Paz Santana, J.F.; Leithardt, V.R.Q. Analysis of Adaptive Algorithms Based on Least Mean Square Applied to Hand Tremor Suppression Control. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 3199. Araújo, R.S.A.; Tironi, J.C.; Parreira, W.D.; Borges, R.C.; De Paz Santana, J.F.; Leithardt, V.R.Q. Analysis of Adaptive Algorithms Based on Least Mean Square Applied to Hand Tremor Suppression Control. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 3199.

Abstract

The increase in life expectancy, according to the World Health Organization, is a fact, and with it rises the incidence of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. The most recurrent symptoms are those associated with tremors resulting from Parkinson's Disease (PD) or Essential Tremors (ET). The main alternatives for the treatment of these patients are medication and surgical intervention, which sometimes have restrictions and side effects. Through computer simulations in Matlab software, this work investigates the performance of adaptive algorithms based on least mean squares (LMS) to suppress tremors in upper limbs, especially in the hands. The signals resulting from pathological hand tremors, related to PD, present components at frequencies that vary between 3~Hz and 6~Hz, with the more significant energy present in the fundamental and second harmonics, while physiological hand tremors, referred to as ET, vary between 4~Hz and 12~Hz. We simulated and used these signals as reference signals in adaptive algorithms, Filtered-x Least Mean Square (Fx-LMS), Filtered-x Normalized Least Mean Square (Fx-NLMS), and a hybrid Fx-LMS\&NLMS purpose. Our results showed that the vibration control provided by the Fx-LMS\&LMS algorithm is the most suitable for physiological tremors. For pathological tremors, we have used a proposed algorithm with a filtered sinusoidal input signal, Fsinx-LMS, which presented the best results in this specific case.

Keywords

Adaptive Algorithm; Tremor Suppression; LMS; Parkinson

Subject

Computer Science and Mathematics, Computer Science

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Download PDF

Comments (0)

We encourage comments and feedback from a broad range of readers. See criteria for comments and our Diversity statement.

Leave a public comment
Send a private comment to the author(s)
* All users must log in before leaving a comment
Views 0
Downloads 0
Comments 0
Metrics 0
Get PDF Cite Share 0
Bookmark BibSonomy Mendeley Reddit Delicious
×
Alerts
Notify me about updates to this article or when a peer-reviewed version is published.
We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience.
Read more about our cookies here.