El Kazafy, S.A.; Fouad, Y.M.; Said, A.F.; Assal, H.H.; Ahmed, A.E.; Askary, A.E.; Ali, T.M.; Ahmed, O.M. Relation between Cytokine Levels and Pulmonary Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: A Case-Control Study. J. Pers. Med.2023, 13, 34.
El Kazafy, S.A.; Fouad, Y.M.; Said, A.F.; Assal, H.H.; Ahmed, A.E.; Askary, A.E.; Ali, T.M.; Ahmed, O.M. Relation between Cytokine Levels and Pulmonary Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: A Case-Control Study. J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13, 34.
El Kazafy, S.A.; Fouad, Y.M.; Said, A.F.; Assal, H.H.; Ahmed, A.E.; Askary, A.E.; Ali, T.M.; Ahmed, O.M. Relation between Cytokine Levels and Pulmonary Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: A Case-Control Study. J. Pers. Med.2023, 13, 34.
El Kazafy, S.A.; Fouad, Y.M.; Said, A.F.; Assal, H.H.; Ahmed, A.E.; Askary, A.E.; Ali, T.M.; Ahmed, O.M. Relation between Cytokine Levels and Pulmonary Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: A Case-Control Study. J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13, 34.
Abstract
Aim: In individuals with COVID-19, the study assessed the relationship between cytokine expression and pulmonary dysfunction. These correlations may help to suggest strategies for prevention and therapies of coronavirus disease outbreak. Patients and methods: 50 healthy participants and 100 COVID-19 patients participated in this study. COVID-19 participants were subdivided into moderate and severe groups based on the severity of their symptoms. In both patients and controls, measurements of white blood cells (WBCs), lymphocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-18, and IL-35 were estimated. All the patients performed chest CT and CO-RADS score was assessed. Results: All patients had increased WBCs count and CRP, IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-18, and IL-35 levels than healthy controls. While WBCs, CRP, and cytokines like IL-1β and IL-6 showed significantly higher levels in the severe group as compared to moderate patients, IL-4, IL-35, and IL-18 showed comparable levels in both disease groups. Furthermore, CO-RADS score was positively connected with WBCs, CRP, and cytokine levels (IL-35, IL-18, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-1β) in both groups, and lymphocyte levels in all patient groups considerably decreased as compared to the controls. CO-RADS score, also demonstrated a positive correlation with lymphocytes in the moderate COVID-19 patients, whereas in the severe patients, it demonstrated a negative correlation with lymphocytes. Conclusion: Severe COVID-19 patients, compared to individuals with moderate illness and healthy controls, patients had lower lymphocyte counts and increased CRP with greater WBCs counts. In contrast to moderate COVID-19 patients, severe COVID-19 patients had higher levels of IL-1β and IL-6, but IL-4, IL-18, and IL-35 between both illness categories at close levels. CO-RADS 5 was the most frequent category in both moderate and severe cases. Patients with a typical CO-RADS involvement had a higher CRP and white blood cell count with a lower lymphocyte count than the others. Cytokine levels were considered a surrogate markers of severe lung affection in COVID 19 patients.
Keywords
cytokines; pulmonary; COVID-19; CORADS; moderate; severe
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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