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Experimental Counterexample to Bell’s Locality Criterion
Version 1
: Received: 4 November 2022 / Approved: 7 November 2022 / Online: 7 November 2022 (04:29:51 CET)
Version 2 : Received: 24 November 2022 / Approved: 25 November 2022 / Online: 25 November 2022 (04:36:01 CET)
Version 2 : Received: 24 November 2022 / Approved: 25 November 2022 / Online: 25 November 2022 (04:36:01 CET)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Mardari, G.N. Experimental Counterexample to Bell’s Locality Criterion. Entropy 2022, 24, 1742. Mardari, G.N. Experimental Counterexample to Bell’s Locality Criterion. Entropy 2022, 24, 1742.
Abstract
The EPR paradox was caused by the provision that quantum variables must have pre-existing values. This type of “hidden property realism” was later falsified by Bell’s Theorem. Accordingly, the physical basis for action-at-a-distance between entangled quanta was removed. Yet, modern interpretations present Bell’s inequality as a Locality Criterion, as if Bell violations can only happen at the quantum level, and only with remote interactions. This is a questionable practice, considering that classical joint measurements also violate such inequalities for mutually exclusive wave properties. In particular, consecutive measurements of polarization produce the same coef-ficients of correlation as parallel measurements with entangled quanta, yet they are explicitly local. Furthermore, it is possible to combine parallel and consecutive measurements of Type I polariza-tion-entangled photons in a single experiment, conclusively showing that quantum Bell violations can be local. Surprisingly, classical phenomena also require nonlocal interpretations if pre-existing properties are taken for granted. Hence, the solution is to reject the models with pre-existing properties for both classical and quantum wave-like phenomena.
Keywords
Bell’s theorem; EPR paradox; quantum entanglement; non-locality; classical superposition; quantum superposition; Malus’ law; joint measurements; correlation
Subject
Physical Sciences, Quantum Science and Technology
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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