Ripa, I.; Andreu, S.; López-Guerrero, J.A.; Bello-Morales, R. Interplay between Autophagy and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1: ICP34.5, One of the Main Actors. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2022, 23, 13643.
Ripa, I.; Andreu, S.; López-Guerrero, J.A.; Bello-Morales, R. Interplay between Autophagy and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1: ICP34.5, One of the Main Actors. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 13643.
Ripa, I.; Andreu, S.; López-Guerrero, J.A.; Bello-Morales, R. Interplay between Autophagy and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1: ICP34.5, One of the Main Actors. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2022, 23, 13643.
Ripa, I.; Andreu, S.; López-Guerrero, J.A.; Bello-Morales, R. Interplay between Autophagy and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1: ICP34.5, One of the Main Actors. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 13643.
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a neurotropic virus that, occasionally, may spread to the central nervous system (CNS), being the most common cause of sporadic encephalitis. One of the main neurovirulence factors of HSV-1 is the protein ICP34.5 that, although initially seemed to be relevant only in neuronal infections, it can also promote viral replication in non-neuronal cells. New ICP34.5 functions have been discovered during the recent years, and some of them have been questioned. This review describes the mechanisms of ICP34.5 to control cellular antiviral responses and debates its most controversial functions. One of the most discussed roles of ICP34.5 is autophagy inhibition. Although autophagy is considered a defense mechanism against viral infections, current evidence suggests that this antiviral function is only one side of the coin. Different types of autophagic pathways interact with HSV-1 impairing or enhancing the infection, and both the virus and the host cell modulate these pathways to tip the scales in its favor. In this review, we will summarize the recent progress on the interplay between autophagy and HSV-1, focusing on the intricate role of ICP34.5 in the modulation of this pathway to gain the battle against cellular defenses.
Keywords
ICP34.5; autophagy; herpes simplex virus type 1; neurovirulence
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Virology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
