Version 1
: Received: 28 August 2022 / Approved: 30 August 2022 / Online: 30 August 2022 (06:00:56 CEST)
How to cite:
Tamagawa, H.; Nakahata, T.; Sugimori, R.; Delalande, B.; Mulembo, T. Action Potential and Water Molecules. Preprints2022, 2022080510. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202208.0510.v1
Tamagawa, H.; Nakahata, T.; Sugimori, R.; Delalande, B.; Mulembo, T. Action Potential and Water Molecules. Preprints 2022, 2022080510. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202208.0510.v1
Tamagawa, H.; Nakahata, T.; Sugimori, R.; Delalande, B.; Mulembo, T. Action Potential and Water Molecules. Preprints2022, 2022080510. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202208.0510.v1
APA Style
Tamagawa, H., Nakahata, T., Sugimori, R., Delalande, B., & Mulembo, T. (2022). Action Potential and Water Molecules. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202208.0510.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Tamagawa, H., Bernard Delalande and Titus Mulembo. 2022 "Action Potential and Water Molecules" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202208.0510.v1
Abstract
The occurrence of potential spikes in a cell is a sign of life, and it is called action potential. There is a common notion that neuron signal conduction is the conduction of action potential. Hence, action potential is a typical and essential life activity. However, such potential spikes occur even in simple nonliving systems. According to the experimental observations by Pollack, structured water molecules can generate a negative potential environment. From this observation, the potential spike generation process for both living and nonliving systems caused by ion and water molecule adsorption-desorption process could be explained in this paper. So, taking into consideration the electrically neutral water molecules,the action potential generation mechanism could be explained. It is a fully inanimate model. Hence, the action potential may not be a life activity. Here, the role of water molecules in life is investigated further. It was found that the phase transition of the membrane is involved in the neuron signal conduction, but the membrane phase transition could be due to the change of state of the water molecules, which forms a large-scale structure in the cavities created by a number of lipids.
Keywords
membrane potential; water; adsorption; structured water
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Anatomy and Physiology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Commenter:
The commenter has declared there is no conflict of interests.
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The commenter has declared there is no conflict of interests.