Version 1
: Received: 21 June 2022 / Approved: 22 June 2022 / Online: 22 June 2022 (10:25:07 CEST)
How to cite:
Tallima, H.; El Ridi, R. The Stroma and Tumor Microenvironment Are Not the Most Instrumental Players in Tumor Cells Immune Evasion, Growth, and Resistance to Therapy. Preprints2022, 2022060316. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202206.0316.v1
Tallima, H.; El Ridi, R. The Stroma and Tumor Microenvironment Are Not the Most Instrumental Players in Tumor Cells Immune Evasion, Growth, and Resistance to Therapy. Preprints 2022, 2022060316. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202206.0316.v1
Tallima, H.; El Ridi, R. The Stroma and Tumor Microenvironment Are Not the Most Instrumental Players in Tumor Cells Immune Evasion, Growth, and Resistance to Therapy. Preprints2022, 2022060316. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202206.0316.v1
APA Style
Tallima, H., & El Ridi, R. (2022). The Stroma and Tumor Microenvironment Are Not the Most Instrumental Players in Tumor Cells Immune Evasion, Growth, and Resistance to Therapy. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202206.0316.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Tallima, H. and Rashika El Ridi. 2022 "The Stroma and Tumor Microenvironment Are Not the Most Instrumental Players in Tumor Cells Immune Evasion, Growth, and Resistance to Therapy" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202206.0316.v1
Abstract
Thecentralreason behind emergence of clinically-detectable tumors is evasion from immune surveillance due to lack of cancer cells surface membrane expression of tumor-specific peptides in association with MHC class I molecules, concealmentof natural killer cells-activating molecules, and absence of inflammation resulting from inefficient stimulation of innate immunity receptors and co-stimulatory molecules.The tumor microenvironment (TME) also contributes to tumor initiation, progression and resistance to therapeutic interventions because of its dense, fibrogenic, barrier-like composition, aberrant vasculature, and production of cytokines and chemokines responsible for recruitment of immune suppressive cells, notably myeloid-derived suppressor cells, M2 macrophages, regulatory T cells, extracellular trap-forming neutrophils, and cancer-associated fibroblasts. We herein show that the relentless efforts and strategies to overcome the TME elusive tumor-promoting impact produced contrasting, opposed, controversial effects, characterized by limited efficacy and proven adversity, and most importantly deterred from attempts to discover and counteract the fundamental inherent mechanisms initiating, and not consequent to, carcinogenesis.
Keywords
Cancer surgery; Cancer radiotherapy; Cancer immunotherapy; Cancer stroma; Cancer-associated fibroblasts; Carcinogenesis; Cancer resistance to immunotherapy; Exosomes; Hypoxia; Neutrophil extracellular traps; Sphingomyelin; Neutral sphingomyelinase; Tumor microenvironment; Tumor-associated macrophages
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
