Ferrando-Díez, A.; Felip, E.; Pous, A.; Bergamino Sirven, M.; Margelí, M. Targeted Therapeutic Options and Future Perspectives for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers2022, 14, 3305.
Ferrando-Díez, A.; Felip, E.; Pous, A.; Bergamino Sirven, M.; Margelí, M. Targeted Therapeutic Options and Future Perspectives for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers 2022, 14, 3305.
Ferrando-Díez, A.; Felip, E.; Pous, A.; Bergamino Sirven, M.; Margelí, M. Targeted Therapeutic Options and Future Perspectives for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers2022, 14, 3305.
Ferrando-Díez, A.; Felip, E.; Pous, A.; Bergamino Sirven, M.; Margelí, M. Targeted Therapeutic Options and Future Perspectives for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers 2022, 14, 3305.
Abstract
Up to 25% of early human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer (BC) patients will relapse despite the improvement achieved by the introduction of HER2-targeted therapy. Beyond trastuzumab, other agents approved for early HER2+ BC include the monoclonal antibody pertuzumab, the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) trastuzumab-emtansine (T-DM1) and the reversible HER2 inhibitor lapatinib. New agents, such as trastuzumab-deruxtecan or tucatinib in combination with capecitabine and trastuzumab, have also shown an improvement in the metastatic setting. Other therapeutic strategies to overcome treatment resistance have been explored in HER2+ BC, mainly in HER2+ that also overexpress estrogen receptors (ER+). One strategy has been to target the cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6) as they are downstream of HER2 and many of the cellular pathways associated with resistance to HER2-targeted therapies play a key role in cell cycle and proliferation. Different trials have explored these strategies with encouraging results, but definitive results are needed. In addition, HER2+ BC is known to be more immunogenic than other BC subgroups, with high variability between tumors. Different immunotherapeutic agents have been investigated in this setting, with promising but controversial results obtained to date.
Keywords
breast cancer; HER2-positive; estrogen receptor positive; triple-positive; HER2-targeted therapy; immunotherapy
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Oncology and Oncogenics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
