Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

A Comprehensive Energy Model for an Optimal Design of a Hybrid Refrigerated Van

Angelo Maiorino
* ORCID logo ,
Adrián Mota-Babiloni
ORCID logo ,
Fabio Petruzziello
ORCID logo ,
Manuel Gesù Del Duca
ORCID logo ,
Andrea Ariano
ORCID logo ,
Ciro Aprea
Version 1 : Received: 3 June 2022 / Approved: 6 June 2022 / Online: 6 June 2022 (13:14:34 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Maiorino, A.; Mota-Babiloni, A.; Petruzziello, F.; Duca, M.G.D.; Ariano, A.; Aprea, C. A Comprehensive Energy Model for an Optimal Design of a Hybrid Refrigerated Van. Energies 2022, 15, 4864. Maiorino, A.; Mota-Babiloni, A.; Petruzziello, F.; Duca, M.G.D.; Ariano, A.; Aprea, C. A Comprehensive Energy Model for an Optimal Design of a Hybrid Refrigerated Van. Energies 2022, 15, 4864.

Abstract

The path towards decarbonization requires a progressive adaptation of all refrigeration systems, but only stationary ones have been intensely studied to improve their environmental performance. However, refrigerated transport is a vital piece of the cold chain, and it must be considered in the green transition. In this paper, we propose a model for a hybrid refrigerated van that includes photovoltaic panels and electric batteries to decrease total greenhouse gas emissions from the engine. Thermal, electrical, and battery sub-models are considered and integrated into the comprehensive hybrid solar-powered refrigerated van model. Different technologies are compared in economic terms, including Lithium and Lead-acid batteries and three different types of photovoltaic panels. The model was validated regarding van fuel consumption, showing a 4% deviation. Single and multiple delivery scenarios are considered to assess the energetic, economic, and environmental benefits. Monthly CO2,e emissions could be reduced to 20% compared to a standard refrigerated van. Despite the environmental benefits provided by this sustainable solution, the payback period is still too long (above 20 years) because of the necessary investment to adapt the vehicle and considering fuel and electricity prices currently.

Keywords

Refrigerated transport; Photovoltaic panels; Electrical batteries; Thermal model; Cold chain; Carbon emissions

Subject

Engineering, Mechanical Engineering

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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