Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus 2 Subtypes in Wild Boar and Domestic Pigs in Ukraine

Nataliia Rudova
,
Jeremy Buttler
,
Ganna Kovalenko
,
Mykola Sushko
,
Vitaliy Bolotin
,
Larysa Muzykina
,
Oleksandr Zinenko
ORCID logo ,
Borys Stegniy
,
Yurii Dunaiev
,
Mykola Sytiuk
,
Anton Gerilovych
,
Devin M. Drown
* ORCID logo ,
Eric Bortz
* ORCID logo ,
Oleksii Solodiankin
*
Version 1 : Received: 2 April 2022 / Approved: 7 April 2022 / Online: 7 April 2022 (03:03:31 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Rudova, N.; Buttler, J.; Kovalenko, G.; Sushko, M.; Bolotin, V.; Muzykina, L.; Zinenko, O.; Stegniy, B.; Dunaiev, Y.; Sytiuk, M.; Gerilovych, A.; Drown, D.M.; Bortz, E.; Solodiankin, O. Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus 2 in Wild Boar and Domestic Pigs in Ukraine. Viruses 2022, 14, 924. Rudova, N.; Buttler, J.; Kovalenko, G.; Sushko, M.; Bolotin, V.; Muzykina, L.; Zinenko, O.; Stegniy, B.; Dunaiev, Y.; Sytiuk, M.; Gerilovych, A.; Drown, D.M.; Bortz, E.; Solodiankin, O. Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus 2 in Wild Boar and Domestic Pigs in Ukraine. Viruses 2022, 14, 924.

Abstract

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is responsible for a number of porcine circovirus associated diseases (PCAD) that can severely impact domestic pig herds. For a non-enveloped virus with a small genome (1.7 kb ssDNA), PCV2 is remarkably diverse, with 8 subtypes (a-h). New subtypes of PCV2 can spread through migration of wild boars, which are thought to infect domestic pigs and spread further through the domestic pig trade. Despite a large swine population, the diversity of PCV2 subtypes in Ukraine has been undersampled, with few PCV2 genome sequences reported in the past decade. To gain a deeper understanding of PCV2 subtype diversity in Ukraine, samples of blood serum were collected from wild boars (n = 107) that were hunted in Ukraine during the November-December 2012 hunting season. We found 34/107 (31.8%) prevalence of PCV2 by diagnostic PCR. For domestic pigs, liver samples (n = 16) were collected from a commercial market near Kharkiv in 2019, of which 6/16 (37%) were positive for PCV2. We sequenced the genotyping locus ORF2, a gene encoding the PCV2 viral capsid (Cp), for 11 wild boar and 6 domestic pig samples in Ukraine using an Oxford Nanopore MinION device. Of 17 samples with resolved subtypes, PCV2 subtype b was most common in wild boar (10/11, 91%), while domestic pigs were infected with subtypes b and d. We also detected subtype b/d and b/a co-infections in wild boar and domestic pigs, respectively, and subtype f in a wild boar from Poltava for the first time in Ukraine. Building a maximum likelihood phylogeny, we identified a sublineage of PCV2 subtype b infections in both wild and domestic swine, suggesting a possible epizootic cluster and ecological interaction in northeastern Ukraine.

Keywords

porcine circovirus; PCV2; domestic pig; wild boar; subtype; phylogenetics; MinION; Ukraine

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Virology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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