Submitted:
08 December 2021
Posted:
09 December 2021
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Abstract
The completed zeta function \(\xi(s)\) is expanded in MacLaurin series (infinite polynomial), which can be further expressed as infinite product (Hadamard product) of quadratic factors by its complex conjugate zeros \(\alpha_i\pm j\beta_i, \beta_i\neq 0, i\in \mathbb{N}\) (\(\mathbb{N}\) is the set of natural numbers, from $1$ to infinity). Then, according to the functional equation \(\xi(s)=\xi(1-s)\), we have \[\xi(0)\prod_{i=1}^{\infty}\frac{\beta_i^2}{\alpha_i^2+\beta_i^2}\Big{(}1+\frac{(s-\alpha_i)^2}{\beta_i^2}\Big{)} =\xi(0)\prod_{i=1}^{\infty}\frac{\beta_i^2}{\alpha_i^2+\beta_i^2}\Big{(}1+\frac{(1-s-\alpha_i)^2}{\beta_i^2}\Big{)}\] which, by Lemma 3 and Corollary 1, is equivalent to $$(s-\alpha_i)^2 = (1-s-\alpha_i)^2, i \in \mathbb{N}$$ with solution \(\alpha_i= \frac{1}{2}, i\in \mathbb{N}\) (another solution \(s=\frac{1}{2}\) is invalid due to obvious contradiction). Thus, a proof of the Riemann Hypothesis is achieved.
Keywords:
Riemann Hypothesis (RH)
; Proof
; Completed zeta function
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