Zehringer, M.; Kammerer, F.; Pregler, A. Applications of PERALS-Alpha Spectrometry for the Investigation of Radionuclides in Water Samples. Materials2021, 14, 3787.
Zehringer, M.; Kammerer, F.; Pregler, A. Applications of PERALS-Alpha Spectrometry for the Investigation of Radionuclides in Water Samples. Materials 2021, 14, 3787.
Zehringer, M.; Kammerer, F.; Pregler, A. Applications of PERALS-Alpha Spectrometry for the Investigation of Radionuclides in Water Samples. Materials2021, 14, 3787.
Zehringer, M.; Kammerer, F.; Pregler, A. Applications of PERALS-Alpha Spectrometry for the Investigation of Radionuclides in Water Samples. Materials 2021, 14, 3787.
Abstract
In this paper, experiences of the last 20 years with the PERALS-technique are described. PERALS stands for Photo Electron Rejecting Alpha Liquid Scintillation. This LSC-technique was developed by Jack McDowell in the 70ies and is a powerful technique for the analyses of many natural alpha nuclides. The principle is based on a selective extraction of the radionuclide from the water phase by means of a complexing or ion pair reagent. The extractant contains also a suitable cocktail for the scintillation counting. Therefore, the extract can be analysed directly after the extraction step. After removing quenchers, such as oxygen, and the proper setting of a pulse shape discriminator, alpha pulses can be counted with a photomultiplier. The paper describes the development of robust analysis schemes for the determination of traces of polonium, radon, radium, strontium, thorium, uranium and other actinides in water samples (groundwater, rain water, river water, drinking water, mineral water, sea water).
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
