Iglesias-Carres, L.; Essenmacher, L.A.; Racine, K.C.; Neilson, A.P. Development of a High-Throughput Method to Study the Inhibitory Effect of Phytochemicals on Trimethylamine Formation. Nutrients2021, 13, 1466.
Iglesias-Carres, L.; Essenmacher, L.A.; Racine, K.C.; Neilson, A.P. Development of a High-Throughput Method to Study the Inhibitory Effect of Phytochemicals on Trimethylamine Formation. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1466.
Iglesias-Carres, L.; Essenmacher, L.A.; Racine, K.C.; Neilson, A.P. Development of a High-Throughput Method to Study the Inhibitory Effect of Phytochemicals on Trimethylamine Formation. Nutrients2021, 13, 1466.
Iglesias-Carres, L.; Essenmacher, L.A.; Racine, K.C.; Neilson, A.P. Development of a High-Throughput Method to Study the Inhibitory Effect of Phytochemicals on Trimethylamine Formation. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1466.
Abstract
Choline is metabolized by the gut microbiota into trimethylamine (TMA), the precursor of pro-atherosclerotic molecule trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Reduction of TMA formation has been shown to provide to cardioprotective effects, and some phytochemicals may produce such reduction. This study aimed to develop an optimized, high-throughput anaerobic fermentation methodology to study inhibition of choline microbial metabolism into TMA by phenolic compounds with healthy human fecal starter. Optimal fermentation conditions were: 20 % fecal slurry (1:10 in PBS), 100 M choline, and 12 h fermentation. Also, 10 mM of 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB) was defined as a positive TMA production inhibitor, achieving a ~50 % reduction in TMA production. Gallic acid and chlorogenic acid reported higher TMA inhibitory potential (maximum of 80 -90 % in. TMA production inhibition), with IC50 around 5 mM. Nor DMB neither gallic acid and chlorogenic acid reduced TMA production through cytotoxic effects, indicating mechanisms such as altered TMA lyase activity or expression.
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